{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224004244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/csbj.0266","title":"New biomaterial strategies for ocular repair and regeneration \u2013 hydrogels, 3D printing, novel tissue-engineering approaches and breakthrough technologies","display_name":"New biomaterial strategies for ocular repair and regeneration \u2013 hydrogels, 3D printing, novel tissue-engineering approaches and breakthrough technologies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224004244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/csbj.0266"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34133/csbj.0266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/csbj.0266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/csbj.0266","pdf_url":"https://spj.science.org/doi/pdf/10.34133/csbj.0266?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764539591","display_name":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal","issn_l":"2001-0370","issn":["2001-0370"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://spj.science.org/doi/pdf/10.34133/csbj.0266?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049613402","display_name":"Maria Paz De Miguel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-6519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-6519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800562746","display_name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz","ror":"https://ror.org/01s1q0w69","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria P De Miguel","raw_affiliation_strings":["La Paz University Hospital Biomedical Research Foundation: Fundacion Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Cell Engineering Laboratory, Paseo Castellana 261, Madrid, Madrid, 28046, SPAIN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Paz University Hospital Biomedical Research Foundation: Fundacion Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Cell Engineering Laboratory, Paseo Castellana 261, Madrid, Madrid, 28046, SPAIN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075076156","display_name":"Marta Cadenas-Mart\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4937-6901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4937-6901"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800562746","display_name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz","ror":"https://ror.org/01s1q0w69","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Cadenas-Mart\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["La Paz University Hospital Biomedical Research Foundation: Fundacion Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Cell Engineering Laboratory, Madrid, SPAIN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Paz University Hospital Biomedical Research Foundation: Fundacion Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Cell Engineering Laboratory, Madrid, SPAIN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159832973","display_name":"Ana I Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800562746","display_name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz","ror":"https://ror.org/01s1q0w69","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana I Mart\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["La Paz University Hospital Biomedical Research Foundation: Fundacion Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Cell Engineering Laboratory, Madrid, SPAIN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Paz University Hospital Biomedical Research Foundation: Fundacion Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Cell Engineering Laboratory, Madrid, SPAIN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159812534","display_name":"Malgorzata A Mar\u00b4c","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800562746","display_name":"Hospital Universitario La Paz","ror":"https://ror.org/01s1q0w69","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malgorzata A Mar\u00b4c","raw_affiliation_strings":["La Paz University Hospital Biomedical Research Foundation: Fundacion Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Cell Engineering Laboratory, Madrid, SPAIN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Paz University Hospital Biomedical Research Foundation: Fundacion Investigacion Biomedica Del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Cell Engineering Laboratory, Madrid, SPAIN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800562746"],"apc_list":{"value":3230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3230},"apc_paid":{"value":3230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3230},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83926578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11828","display_name":"Corneal Surgery and Treatments","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11828","display_name":"Corneal Surgery and Treatments","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12264","display_name":"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine","score":0.19599999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.16110000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1313","display_name":"Molecular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-regeneration","display_name":"ocular regeneration","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomaterials","display_name":"biomaterials","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogels","display_name":"hydrogels","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-bioprinting","display_name":"3D bioprinting","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-engineering","display_name":"tissue engineering","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocular-trauma","display_name":"ocular trauma","score":0.36899998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778414984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biomaterial","level":2,"score":0.766700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49892992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540285","display_name":"Tissue engineering","level":2,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1318750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biocompatible material","level":2,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10854531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061415","display_name":"Regenerative medicine","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39629487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915146","display_name":"Biomimetic materials","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34133/csbj.0266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/csbj.0266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/csbj.0266","pdf_url":"https://spj.science.org/doi/pdf/10.34133/csbj.0266?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764539591","display_name":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal","issn_l":"2001-0370","issn":["2001-0370"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34133/csbj.0266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/csbj.0266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/csbj.0266","pdf_url":"https://spj.science.org/doi/pdf/10.34133/csbj.0266?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764539591","display_name":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal","issn_l":"2001-0370","issn":["2001-0370"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7115620564","display_name":"Explorando las c\u00e9lulas madre pluripotentes inducidas como fuente para regenerar el estroma corneal","funder_award_id":"PI23/00207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334923","funder_display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334679","display_name":"Research Executive Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334923","display_name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","ror":"https://ror.org/00ca2c886"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224004244.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224004244.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":223,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W629420935","https://openalex.org/W1481145212","https://openalex.org/W1501272245","https://openalex.org/W1536282423","https://openalex.org/W1556765280","https://openalex.org/W1800156099","https://openalex.org/W1821902148","https://openalex.org/W1841186985","https://openalex.org/W1963566022","https://openalex.org/W1966466738","https://openalex.org/W1983720999","https://openalex.org/W1987471169","https://openalex.org/W1993685207","https://openalex.org/W2002582091","https://openalex.org/W2003364420","https://openalex.org/W2005554656","https://openalex.org/W2006643683","https://openalex.org/W2011652534","https://openalex.org/W2015050269","https://openalex.org/W2016936614","https://openalex.org/W2019842452","https://openalex.org/W2024306244","https://openalex.org/W2039016753","https://openalex.org/W2040913012","https://openalex.org/W2042617428","https://openalex.org/W2048644480","https://openalex.org/W2052664641","https://openalex.org/W2053868595","https://openalex.org/W2054710058","https://openalex.org/W2056830833","https://openalex.org/W2058137643","https://openalex.org/W2061646557","https://openalex.org/W2064413114","https://openalex.org/W2066944335","https://openalex.org/W2070667891","https://openalex.org/W2087696143","https://openalex.org/W2090044999","https://openalex.org/W2093290153","https://openalex.org/W2097737743","https://openalex.org/W2101601223","https://openalex.org/W2103331631","https://openalex.org/W2104022273","https://openalex.org/W2104962636","https://openalex.org/W2119708685","https://openalex.org/W2120258242","https://openalex.org/W2121316026","https://openalex.org/W2130475692","https://openalex.org/W2140594570","https://openalex.org/W2143871084","https://openalex.org/W2147093603","https://openalex.org/W2152635187","https://openalex.org/W2155506778","https://openalex.org/W2166168951","https://openalex.org/W2168535278","https://openalex.org/W2265225559","https://openalex.org/W2281740023","https://openalex.org/W2319053926","https://openalex.org/W2325690147","https://openalex.org/W2328481950","https://openalex.org/W2337875250","https://openalex.org/W2348656062","https://openalex.org/W2417577777","https://openalex.org/W2419524477","https://openalex.org/W2483260420","https://openalex.org/W2485216379","https://openalex.org/W2505551556","https://openalex.org/W2519710076","https://openalex.org/W2562849785","https://openalex.org/W2568275076","https://openalex.org/W2578534549","https://openalex.org/W2588197583","https://openalex.org/W2593441079","https://openalex.org/W2603682949","https://openalex.org/W2625994863","https://openalex.org/W2729217468","https://openalex.org/W2735647153","https://openalex.org/W2739138959","https://openalex.org/W2765601867","https://openalex.org/W2766494804","https://openalex.org/W2766744214","https://openalex.org/W2769617276","https://openalex.org/W2772550865","https://openalex.org/W2773845144","https://openalex.org/W2778096600","https://openalex.org/W2778268412","https://openalex.org/W2781510895","https://openalex.org/W2783158793","https://openalex.org/W2792541487","https://openalex.org/W2792849985","https://openalex.org/W2799437806","https://openalex.org/W2799596804","https://openalex.org/W2805190757","https://openalex.org/W2887303123","https://openalex.org/W2887331259","https://openalex.org/W2887617949","https://openalex.org/W2889302542","https://openalex.org/W2890991541","https://openalex.org/W2893227545","https://openalex.org/W2895298053","https://openalex.org/W2909155808","https://openalex.org/W2911766655","https://openalex.org/W2914154532","https://openalex.org/W2914514499","https://openalex.org/W2937820813","https://openalex.org/W2941962896","https://openalex.org/W2949496035","https://openalex.org/W2969150710","https://openalex.org/W2969281968","https://openalex.org/W2972561894","https://openalex.org/W2978522087","https://openalex.org/W2983143476","https://openalex.org/W2991459309","https://openalex.org/W2996022457","https://openalex.org/W3003887366","https://openalex.org/W3006433931","https://openalex.org/W3008102423","https://openalex.org/W3014512939","https://openalex.org/W3015717458","https://openalex.org/W3021738404","https://openalex.org/W3023111417","https://openalex.org/W3027814215","https://openalex.org/W3036721396","https://openalex.org/W3039147419","https://openalex.org/W3039483480","https://openalex.org/W3039905502","https://openalex.org/W3040950123","https://openalex.org/W3041053305","https://openalex.org/W3046566005","https://openalex.org/W3048982227","https://openalex.org/W3082213210","https://openalex.org/W3087213565","https://openalex.org/W3088055241","https://openalex.org/W3094682275","https://openalex.org/W3097568335","https://openalex.org/W3100439879","https://openalex.org/W3113147301","https://openalex.org/W3121695779","https://openalex.org/W3124599486","https://openalex.org/W3126956173","https://openalex.org/W3147904318","https://openalex.org/W3154343612","https://openalex.org/W3157532970","https://openalex.org/W3169290265","https://openalex.org/W3173654042","https://openalex.org/W3175270561","https://openalex.org/W3191237933","https://openalex.org/W3196233858","https://openalex.org/W3196440973","https://openalex.org/W3198902581","https://openalex.org/W3207654842","https://openalex.org/W3216184785","https://openalex.org/W3216666568","https://openalex.org/W4200093473","https://openalex.org/W4200196000","https://openalex.org/W4207077515","https://openalex.org/W4225403238","https://openalex.org/W4231249937","https://openalex.org/W4247634877","https://openalex.org/W4281633094","https://openalex.org/W4281997545","https://openalex.org/W4282946164","https://openalex.org/W4283320456","https://openalex.org/W4283379740","https://openalex.org/W4285394071","https://openalex.org/W4289885471","https://openalex.org/W4292865746","https://openalex.org/W4293770038","https://openalex.org/W4302773976","https://openalex.org/W4303468961","https://openalex.org/W4311270964","https://openalex.org/W4311591322","https://openalex.org/W4366819720","https://openalex.org/W4377226265","https://openalex.org/W4378473046","https://openalex.org/W4379232514","https://openalex.org/W4380686543","https://openalex.org/W4381186319","https://openalex.org/W4382809627","https://openalex.org/W4385412191","https://openalex.org/W4385652185","https://openalex.org/W4386445817","https://openalex.org/W4386743162","https://openalex.org/W4386922219","https://openalex.org/W4387212411","https://openalex.org/W4387462865","https://openalex.org/W4387666293","https://openalex.org/W4387878783","https://openalex.org/W4387881535","https://openalex.org/W4388044258","https://openalex.org/W4388686607","https://openalex.org/W4390511691","https://openalex.org/W4391453667","https://openalex.org/W4392168826","https://openalex.org/W4392817961","https://openalex.org/W4396918820","https://openalex.org/W4396969585","https://openalex.org/W4399140493","https://openalex.org/W4401460336","https://openalex.org/W4402888094","https://openalex.org/W4403029136","https://openalex.org/W4403838743","https://openalex.org/W4404958999","https://openalex.org/W4405377897","https://openalex.org/W4406487344","https://openalex.org/W4407178750","https://openalex.org/W4407923877","https://openalex.org/W4409054527","https://openalex.org/W4409682845","https://openalex.org/W4410199075","https://openalex.org/W4410546128","https://openalex.org/W4412043726","https://openalex.org/W4412196821","https://openalex.org/W4412355489","https://openalex.org/W4412369201","https://openalex.org/W4412449894","https://openalex.org/W4413336863","https://openalex.org/W4414139905","https://openalex.org/W4414685843","https://openalex.org/W4415762648","https://openalex.org/W4416665892","https://openalex.org/W7116065144","https://openalex.org/W7131437043","https://openalex.org/W7144129712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W767707156","https://openalex.org/W4408299434","https://openalex.org/W1195734631","https://openalex.org/W3167797511","https://openalex.org/W7026948054","https://openalex.org/W3181639672","https://openalex.org/W7221689646","https://openalex.org/W1238427843","https://openalex.org/W2752991299","https://openalex.org/W7163816426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"ophthalmology,":[1],"biomaterials":[2,122],"and":[3,16,20,45,57,66,82,114,123,138,144,177,193,207],"3D":[4,71,194],"printing":[5,72,94,195],"have":[6,164],"many":[7,116,162],"applications,":[8],"including":[9],"fabricating":[10],"preoperative":[11],"eye":[12,51],"models,":[13],"personalized":[14],"lenses":[15],"glasses,":[17],"orbital":[18],"implants,":[19],"drug":[21],"delivery":[22],"systems.This":[23],"review,":[24],"however,":[25],"focuses":[26],"on":[27,49,54,63,166],"new":[28],"biomaterial":[29],"strategies":[30],"for":[31,196],"ocular":[32],"tissue":[33,153],"regeneration,":[34],"taking":[35],"into":[36],"account":[37],"the":[38,50,55,64,69,99,105,115,131,134],"latest":[39],"developments":[40],"in":[41,76,88,104,106,130,188],"hydrogels,":[42],"3D-printing,":[43],"bioprinting":[44],"novel":[46],"tissue-engineering":[47],"approaches.Studies":[48],"mainly":[52],"focus":[53],"cornea":[56],"retina,":[58,100],"with":[59],"only":[60],"a":[61,78,178],"few":[62],"sclera":[65],"crystalline":[67],"lenses.Regarding":[68],"cornea,":[70,81,135],"offers":[73],"promising":[74],"advances":[75,198],"creating":[77],"complete":[79],"artificial":[80],"significant":[83,183],"progress":[84,184],"has":[85,185],"been":[86,186],"made":[87,187],"developing":[89],"its":[90,95,111],"three":[91],"different":[92],"layers.However,":[93],"multilayers":[96],"remains":[97],"challenging.Concerning":[98],"most":[101],"studies":[102,163],"remain":[103],"vitro":[107],"stage":[108],"due":[109],"to":[110,159],"high":[112,140],"complexity":[113],"cell":[117,127,160,189],"types":[118],"that":[119],"compose":[120],"it.Ophthalmic":[121],"bioinks":[124,146,150],"must":[125],"support":[126],"viability":[128],"and,":[129],"case":[132],"of":[133,202,212],"preserve":[136],"transparency":[137],"provide":[139],"mechanical":[141],"strength.Both":[142],"cell-laden":[143],"acellular":[145,167],"are":[147],"being":[148],"developed.Cell-laden":[149],"enable":[151],"direct":[152],"regeneration":[154],"but":[155],"pose":[156],"challenges":[157],"related":[158],"survival.Consequently,":[161],"focused":[165],"biomaterials,":[168,192],"which":[169],"offer":[170],"an":[171],"extended":[172],"shelf":[173],"life,":[174],"enhanced":[175],"sterility,":[176],"more":[179],"straightforward":[180],"regulatory":[181],"process.Nowadays,":[182],"therapy,":[190],"reprogramming,":[191],"ophthalmology.These":[197],"may":[199],"help":[200],"millions":[201],"patients":[203],"regain":[204],"their":[205,210],"vision":[206],"significantly":[208],"improve":[209],"quality":[211],"life.Iris":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}
