{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224003285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359","title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS EFFECTIVENESS OF AI-ASSISTED DISTRACTION AND TRADITIONAL DISTRACTION TECHNIQUES ON PAIN DURING INVASIVE PROCEDURES AMONG PRESCHOOLERS","display_name":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS EFFECTIVENESS OF AI-ASSISTED DISTRACTION AND TRADITIONAL DISTRACTION TECHNIQUES ON PAIN DURING INVASIVE PROCEDURES AMONG PRESCHOOLERS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224003285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359","pdf_url":"https://actainnovations.com/index.php/pub/article/download/2359/1232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764688742","display_name":"Acta Innovations","issn_l":"2300-5599","issn":["2300-5599"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317276","host_organization_name":"Research and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317276"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Innovations","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://actainnovations.com/index.php/pub/article/download/2359/1232","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159969544","display_name":"Sunil Kumari. Puram","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85461943","display_name":"Saveetha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0034me914","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Kumari. Puram","raw_affiliation_strings":["PhD Scholar, Life Sciences, Department of Research, Saveetha College of Nursing (SCON), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai \u2013 602105, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PhD Scholar, Life Sciences, Department of Research, Saveetha College of Nursing (SCON), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai \u2013 602105, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159885533","display_name":"Dr. Alagendran S.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85461943","display_name":"Saveetha University","ror":"https://ror.org/0034me914","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. Alagendran S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Neuroscience and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Research, Saveetha College of Nursing (SCON), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai \u2013 602105, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Neuroscience and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Research, Saveetha College of Nursing (SCON), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Thandalam, Chennai \u2013 602105, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85461943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159950637","display_name":"Dr. T. K. Sreedevi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dr. T. K. Sreedevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Mental Health Nursing, PES College of Nursing, PES Medical College, Kuppam, Chittoor District \u2013 517425, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Mental Health Nursing, PES College of Nursing, PES Medical College, Kuppam, Chittoor District \u2013 517425, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87888069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"3s","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11292","display_name":"Pediatric Pain Management Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12145","display_name":"Dental Anxiety and Anesthesia Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality-distraction","display_name":"virtual reality distraction","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-pain","display_name":"procedural pain","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/venipuncture","display_name":"venipuncture","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/needle-phobia","display_name":"needle phobia","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-anxiety","display_name":"procedural anxiety","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-pharmacological-pain-management","display_name":"non-pharmacological pain management","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flacc-scale","display_name":"FLACC scale","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wong-baker-faces-pain-scale","display_name":"Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-fear-scale","display_name":"Children's Fear Scale","score":0.9480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.9743000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111369323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5426506","display_name":"FLACC scale","level":3,"score":0.9193999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74414138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886549","display_name":"Venipuncture","level":2,"score":0.7835000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.616100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139265228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283089","display_name":"Distress","level":2,"score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992669165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131635","display_name":"Pain score","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781440901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131635","display_name":"Pain scale","level":2,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14184104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362526","display_name":"Visual analogue scale","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778282284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7124832","display_name":"Pain assessment","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991742891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain control","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019496608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65117571","display_name":"Pediatric burn","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983098980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain management","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910675294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16797799","display_name":"Invasive Procedure","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359","pdf_url":"https://actainnovations.com/index.php/pub/article/download/2359/1232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764688742","display_name":"Acta Innovations","issn_l":"2300-5599","issn":["2300-5599"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317276","host_organization_name":"Research and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317276"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Innovations","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.62441/actainnovations.vi.2359","pdf_url":"https://actainnovations.com/index.php/pub/article/download/2359/1232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764688742","display_name":"Acta Innovations","issn_l":"2300-5599","issn":["2300-5599"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317276","host_organization_name":"Research and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317276"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Research and Innovation Centre Pro-Akademia"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Innovations","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224003285.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224003285.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384432181","https://openalex.org/W7133643225","https://openalex.org/W7221075392","https://openalex.org/W7101433944","https://openalex.org/W4403679750","https://openalex.org/W2126081273","https://openalex.org/W4414374399","https://openalex.org/W4415613487","https://openalex.org/W4386584590","https://openalex.org/W2789383322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Invasive":[1],"natured":[2,138,263],"medical":[3],"procedures,":[4],"such":[5,76],"as":[6,16,18,43,45,77,90,92,106,108,177,179,226,228],"venipuncture":[7,139],"and":[8,154,266],"intravenous":[9],"cannulation,":[10],"are":[11,34,53],"sources":[12],"of":[13,68,96,134,144,216],"acute":[14],"pain":[15,38,105,265],"well":[17,44,91,107,178,227],"here":[19,33,61,87,124,250],"to":[20,35,40,62,88,142,214,251],"distress":[21],"in":[22,28,127,261],"pediatric":[23,129],"populations,":[24],"particularly":[25],"among":[26,113,268],"preschoolers":[27,114,136],"this":[29],"way.":[30],"Unmanaged":[31],"aspects":[32],"send":[36],"procedural":[37,104,264],"leads":[39],"heightened":[41],"anxiety":[42,109,267],"needle":[46],"phobias.":[47],"Non-pharmacological":[48],"interventions,":[49,75],"specifically":[50],"distraction":[51,58,98,102,253,260],"techniques,":[52],"mostly":[54],"recommended.":[55],"While":[56],"traditional":[57,100,259],"methods":[59],"have":[60],"be":[63,252],"proven":[64],"effective,":[65],"the":[66,94,169,180,191,217,229],"advent":[67],"artificial":[69],"intelligence":[70],"(AI)":[71],"has":[72],"introduced":[73],"novel":[74],"herein":[78],"AI-adaptive":[79],"virtual":[80],"reality":[81],"(VR).":[82],"Objective:":[83],"This":[84],"study":[85],"aims":[86],"assess":[89],"compare":[93],"effectiveness":[95],"AI-assisted":[97,248],"versus":[99],"based":[101],"on":[103],"during":[110],"invasive":[111],"procedures":[112],"(aged":[115],"3\u20136).":[116],"Methods:":[117],"A":[118,132],"randomized,":[119],"three-arm":[120],"clinical":[121],"trial":[122],"was":[123,166,187],"by":[125],"conducted":[126],"a":[128,159,244],"outpatient":[130],"setting.":[131],"total":[133],"150":[135],"requiring":[137],"were":[140],"assigned":[141],"one":[143],"three":[145],"groups:":[146],"AI-Assisted":[147,198],"Distraction":[148,151,199],"(n=50),":[149],"Traditional":[150,218],"(cartoon":[152],"watching":[153],"bubble":[155],"blowing,":[156],"n=50),":[157],"or":[158],"Control":[160,230],"Group":[161],"(standard":[162],"care,":[163],"n=50).":[164],"Pain":[165,183],"evaluated":[167],"using":[168,190],"Face,":[170],"Legs,":[171],"Activity,":[172],"Cry,":[173],"Consolability":[174],"(FLACC)":[175],"scale":[176],"Wong-Baker":[181],"FACES":[182,241],"Rating":[184],"Scale.":[185],"Anxiety":[186],"hereby":[188,201],"measured":[189],"Children's":[192],"Fear":[193],"Scale":[194],"(CFS).":[195],"Results:":[196],"The":[197],"group":[200,219,231],"exhibited":[202],"significantly":[203,255],"lower":[204],"FLACC":[205],"scores":[206,242],"(Mean":[207,220,232],"=":[208,211,221,224,233,236],"2.14,":[209],"SD":[210,223,235],"1.05)":[212],"compared":[213],"both":[215],"3.82,":[222],"1.34)":[225],"6.45,":[234],"1.52)":[237],"(p":[238],"<":[239],"0.001).":[240],"followed":[243],"similar":[245],"trend.":[246],"Conclusion:":[247],"structure":[249],"is":[254],"more":[256],"effective":[257],"than":[258],"reducing":[262],"preschoolers.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}