{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7224000345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125","title":"Sex differences in the association of overweight/obesity with asthma and lung function in adolescents aged 10\u201318 years: a meta-analysis","display_name":"Sex differences in the association of overweight/obesity with asthma and lung function in adolescents aged 10\u201318 years: a meta-analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7224000345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fped.2026.1889125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596117549","display_name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","issn_l":"2296-2360","issn":["2296-2360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159948957","display_name":"Siyu Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089228","display_name":"West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00726et14","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159866401","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089228","display_name":"West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00726et14","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147185806","display_name":"Xiaoming Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089228","display_name":"West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00726et14","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104087991","display_name":"Yao Tian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089228","display_name":"West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00726et14","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104087991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089228"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62012987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.013899999670684338,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overweight","display_name":"overweight","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma","display_name":"asthma","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-function","display_name":"lung function","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-vital-capacity","display_name":"forced vital capacity","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-expiratory-volume","display_name":"forced expiratory volume","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fev1-fvc-ratio","display_name":"FEV1/FVC ratio","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-expiratory-flow","display_name":"peak expiratory flow","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adiposity","display_name":"adiposity","score":0.878000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9301999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.6966999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6636999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.6022999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.5953999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75603125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1877462","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","level":2,"score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55520419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660995","display_name":"Vital capacity","level":5,"score":0.5543000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.4925000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung function","level":3,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780333948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653305","display_name":"Spirometry","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019212871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43445","display_name":"Female sex","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778945730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1517875","display_name":"Sex characteristics","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fped.2026.1889125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596117549","display_name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","issn_l":"2296-2360","issn":["2296-2360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02b221b2c0e640de91328c698009ddd7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02b221b2c0e640de91328c698009ddd7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics, Vol 14 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fped.2026.1889125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pediatrics/articles/10.3389/fped.2026.1889125/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596117549","display_name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","issn_l":"2296-2360","issn":["2296-2360"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pediatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224000345.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7224000345.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W288284887","https://openalex.org/W1595237219","https://openalex.org/W1600041372","https://openalex.org/W1930766455","https://openalex.org/W1969456629","https://openalex.org/W1973228855","https://openalex.org/W1977103148","https://openalex.org/W1980024864","https://openalex.org/W1993106245","https://openalex.org/W1996296407","https://openalex.org/W1999180699","https://openalex.org/W2003256627","https://openalex.org/W2059527510","https://openalex.org/W2085581789","https://openalex.org/W2097066928","https://openalex.org/W2111359800","https://openalex.org/W2116074183","https://openalex.org/W2116475791","https://openalex.org/W2126930838","https://openalex.org/W2133276796","https://openalex.org/W2163710303","https://openalex.org/W2170892587","https://openalex.org/W2274344038","https://openalex.org/W2473325434","https://openalex.org/W2493254728","https://openalex.org/W2515921991","https://openalex.org/W2759448078","https://openalex.org/W2762689525","https://openalex.org/W2787593265","https://openalex.org/W2792308249","https://openalex.org/W2795717919","https://openalex.org/W2803598168","https://openalex.org/W2953105595","https://openalex.org/W2963148683","https://openalex.org/W2970941951","https://openalex.org/W3004328647","https://openalex.org/W3011061853","https://openalex.org/W3013811851","https://openalex.org/W3097776291","https://openalex.org/W3097854261","https://openalex.org/W3102486286","https://openalex.org/W3108092261","https://openalex.org/W3139104716","https://openalex.org/W3174068072","https://openalex.org/W3207951703","https://openalex.org/W4214534039","https://openalex.org/W4225125703","https://openalex.org/W4286501298","https://openalex.org/W4294343752","https://openalex.org/W4296123903","https://openalex.org/W4386648082","https://openalex.org/W4391473892","https://openalex.org/W4392304105","https://openalex.org/W4399058546","https://openalex.org/W4401179268","https://openalex.org/W4402332077","https://openalex.org/W4408624832","https://openalex.org/W4408812424","https://openalex.org/W4409447414","https://openalex.org/W4410070915","https://openalex.org/W7125010974","https://openalex.org/W7130596141","https://openalex.org/W7136527368","https://openalex.org/W7140580536","https://openalex.org/W7147386765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6977248660","https://openalex.org/W2775237153","https://openalex.org/W3211163578","https://openalex.org/W2759448078","https://openalex.org/W1687064977","https://openalex.org/W2461193694","https://openalex.org/W2774683082","https://openalex.org/W4286501298","https://openalex.org/W2564956699","https://openalex.org/W2068727055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective":[0],"The":[1,330],"global":[2],"prevalence":[3],"of":[4,44,133,155,269,280,318,348],"overweight,":[5],"obesity,":[6],"and":[7,23,26,46,50,58,72,83,92,120,126,137,148,173,221,278,303,311,321,352],"asthma":[8,49,156,287,319,331],"in":[9,184,193,225,285,328,335],"adolescents":[10,54],"has":[11],"increased":[12],"rapidly.":[13],"However,":[14],"previous":[15],"studies":[16,80,142,356],"have":[17,31],"reported":[18],"inconsistent":[19],"correlations":[20],"between":[21,276],"adiposity":[22],"respiratory":[24],"indicators,":[25],"only":[27],"a":[28],"few":[29],"meta-analyses":[30],"focused":[32],"on":[33],"sex-based":[34],"disparities.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"study,":[38],"we":[39],"systematically":[40],"assessed":[41],"the":[42,180,206,286,293],"associations":[43],"overweight":[45,147],"obesity":[47,149,312],"with":[48,113,152,164,246,315],"pulmonary":[51,103,202,325,344],"function":[52,104,203,326],"among":[53],"aged":[55],"10\u201318":[56],"years":[57],"explored":[59],"sex":[60,174,249,339],"differences.":[61],"Methods":[62],"This":[63],"study":[64],"followed":[65],"Preferred":[66],"Reporting":[67],"Items":[68],"for":[69,90,102,145,169,251,259,343],"Systematic":[70,359],"Reviews":[71],"Meta-Analyses":[73],"2020":[74],"(PRISMA":[75],"2020)":[76],"guidelines.":[77],"Eligible":[78],"observational":[79],"were":[81,88,100,111,124,143,150,257,289,299,341],"retrieved":[82],"screened.":[84],"Odds":[85],"ratios":[86],"(ORs)":[87],"pooled":[89,101,144],"asthma,":[91],"standardized":[93],"mean":[94],"differences":[95,110,256,340],"(SMDs;":[96],"Hedges\u2019":[97],"g":[98],")":[99],"outcomes":[105,298],"using":[106,131],"random-effects":[107],"models.":[108],"Sex":[109],"evaluated":[112],"formal":[114],"interaction":[115,170,250],"tests.":[116],"Subgroup,":[117],"leave-one-out":[118],"sensitivity,":[119],"Egger's":[121],"regression":[122],"analyses":[123],"performed,":[125],"evidence":[127],"certainty":[128,302,306],"was":[129,182],"rated":[130,300],"Grading":[132],"Recommendations":[134],"Assessment,":[135],"Development,":[136],"Evaluation":[138],"(GRADE).":[139],"Results":[140],"Twelve":[141],"asthma:":[146],"associated":[151,314],"higher":[153,210,316],"odds":[154,317],"incidence":[157,320],"(OR":[158,186,195],"=":[159,177,187,196,216,230,239],"1.26,":[160],"95%":[161,189,198,218,232,241],"CI:":[162,190,199,219,233,242],"1.15\u20131.37),":[163],"significant":[165,248,255],"regional":[166,294],"(":[167,175],"P":[168,176],"<":[171],"0.001)":[172],"0.010)":[178],"interactions;":[179],"association":[181,332],"stronger":[183,334],"females":[185],"2.11,":[188],"1.44\u20133.10)":[191],"than":[192],"males":[194],"1.07,":[197],"0.75\u20131.52).":[200],"For":[201],"(six":[204],"studies),":[205],"overweight/obesity":[207],"group":[208],"showed":[209],"forced":[211,222,264,273],"vital":[212],"capacity":[213],"(FVC;":[214],"SMD":[215,229],"0.35,":[217],"0.09\u20130.61)":[220],"expiratory":[223,261,265,274],"volume":[224],"1":[226],"s":[227],"(FEV1;":[228],"0.23,":[231],"0.01\u20130.45)":[234],"but":[235],"lower":[236],"FEV1/FVC":[237],"(SMD":[238],"\u22120.27,":[240],"\u22120.36":[243],"to":[244,292],"\u22120.18),":[245],"no":[247,338],"any":[252],"outcome.":[253],"No":[254],"observed":[258],"peak":[260],"flow":[262,266,275],"(PEF),":[263],"at":[267],"75%":[268,279],"FVC":[270,281],"(FEF75),":[271],"or":[272],"25%":[277],"(FEF25\u201375).":[282],"Small-study":[283],"effects":[284],"pool":[288],"largely":[290],"attributable":[291],"subgroup":[295],"structure.":[296],"Four":[297],"moderate":[301],"seven":[304],"low":[305],"by":[307],"GRADE.":[308],"Conclusion":[309],"Overweight":[310],"are":[313,357],"an":[322],"early":[323],"obstructive":[324],"pattern":[327],"adolescents.":[329],"is":[333],"females,":[336],"whereas":[337],"detected":[342],"function.":[345],"Targeted":[346],"screening":[347],"high-risk":[349],"adolescent":[350],"girls":[351],"further":[353],"large-scale":[354],"multicenter":[355],"warranted.":[358],"Review":[360],"Registration":[361],"https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261398331":[362],",":[363],"PROSPERO":[364],"CRD420261398331.":[365]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}