{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223995183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.25.761609","title":"Matrix stiffness shapes immunometabolic states and response to PD-1 blockade in gastric cancer","display_name":"Matrix stiffness shapes immunometabolic states and response to PD-1 blockade in gastric cancer","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223995183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.25.761609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.25.761609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.25.761609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.25.761609","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/27/2026.10.25.761609.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/27/2026.10.25.761609.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071696229","display_name":"Qiuai Shu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuai Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I4210158926","https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159774177","display_name":"Jian Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I4210158926","https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5138950127","display_name":"Ziwei Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126360415","display_name":"Yutong Cheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003776005","display_name":"Xiru Liang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiru Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123464709","display_name":"Yingqi Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121771","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbvhh96","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121771"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, P.R. China","Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121771","https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159951820","display_name":"Haiqiang Tao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiqiang Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I4210158926","https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016285656","display_name":"Haitao Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9668-2824","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9668-2824"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123516894","display_name":"Yuxin Peng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017874227","display_name":"Bin Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-2945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0919-2945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036033804","display_name":"Baicang Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-4965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-4965","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1452-2286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baicang Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159904313","display_name":"Feng Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159953609","display_name":"Jinhai Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100762837","display_name":"Yongzhan Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-4548","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-4548","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9355-6221"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhan Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I4210158926","https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137378102","display_name":"Yongquan Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3241-9872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3241-9872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongquan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I4210158926","https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100715251","display_name":"Daiming Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2466-5002","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2466-5002","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-8971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089514","display_name":"National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2x9d51","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158926","display_name":"Xijing Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cqe9350","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158926"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9916479","display_name":"Air Force Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ms48f15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiming Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089514","https://openalex.org/I4210158926","https://openalex.org/I9916479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159886405","display_name":"Na Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128478","display_name":"Hainan General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/030sr2v21","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128478"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79731167","display_name":"Hainan Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/004eeze55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79731167"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou 570311, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou 570311, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128478","https://openalex.org/I79731167"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159770752","display_name":"Lu Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073905831","display_name":"Ting Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7209-5565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7209-5565"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128478","display_name":"Hainan General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/030sr2v21","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128478"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79731167","display_name":"Hainan Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/004eeze55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79731167"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou 570311, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou 570311, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128478","https://openalex.org/I79731167"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746429","display_name":"Ning Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4628-2299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4628-2299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131893","display_name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03aq7kf18","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710004, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710049, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100746429"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131893","https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.8765000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.8765000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10379","display_name":"Cellular Mechanics and Interactions","score":0.10999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11501","display_name":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in diseases","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix-stiffness","display_name":"extracellular matrix stiffness","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastric-cancer","display_name":"gastric cancer","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-pd-1-therapy","display_name":"anti-PD-1 therapy","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunometabolism","display_name":"immunometabolism","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-immune-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor immune microenvironment","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-exclusion","display_name":"immune exclusion","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collagen-deposition","display_name":"collagen deposition","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-softening","display_name":"matrix softening","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yap-nuclear-translocation","display_name":"YAP nuclear translocation","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f-actin-reorganization","display_name":"F-actin reorganization","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldha","display_name":"LDHA","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycolytic-reprogramming","display_name":"glycolytic reprogramming","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd8-t-cell-effector-function","display_name":"CD8+ T cell effector function","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pd-l1-expression","display_name":"PD-L1 expression","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-immune-resistance","display_name":"adaptive immune resistance","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-transcriptomics","display_name":"spatial transcriptomics","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189165786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193825","display_name":"Extracellular matrix","level":2,"score":0.7759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6043999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778468042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273976","display_name":"Blockade","level":3,"score":0.5733000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5611000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51785407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2627568","display_name":"Effector","level":2,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781098093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85787439","display_name":"Softening","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96232424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118072","display_name":"Cancer cell","level":3,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77255625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402093","display_name":"Reprogramming","level":3,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52124034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557179","display_name":"Stroma","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21686041","display_name":"Immune checkpoint","level":4,"score":0.2628999948501587}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.25.761609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.25.761609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.25.761609","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/27/2026.10.25.761609.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.25.761609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.25.761609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.25.761609","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/27/2026.10.25.761609.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G376343902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82560549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4191877033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82403890","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4526128826","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82303812","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6066065357","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12432015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223995183.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223995183.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3027658753","https://openalex.org/W4417211961","https://openalex.org/W4401227035","https://openalex.org/W7161164118","https://openalex.org/W4385741376","https://openalex.org/W7148687323","https://openalex.org/W4416143454","https://openalex.org/W7162772967","https://openalex.org/W3046607890","https://openalex.org/W4406255045"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1],"extracellular":[2],"matrix":[3,13,50,53,118,144,151,167],"of":[4,49,87,113,143],"solid":[5],"tumors":[6],"exhibits":[7],"spatially":[8],"heterogeneous":[9],"stiffness,":[10],"yet":[11],"how":[12],"stiffness":[14,54],"shapes":[15],"antitumor":[16,141,159],"immunity":[17],"in":[18,104,127,172],"gastric":[19],"cancer":[20],"(GC)":[21],"remains":[22],"unclear.":[23],"Here,":[24],"we":[25],"integrated":[26],"anti-PD-1":[27],"clinical":[28],"cohorts,":[29],"GC":[30,105,128],"specimens,":[31],"single-cell":[32],"and":[33,41,60,83,96,155],"spatial":[34,154],"transcriptomic":[35],"analyses,":[36],"a":[37,162],"syngeneic":[38],"mouse":[39],"model,":[40],"tunable-stiffness":[42],"hydrogels":[43],"to":[44,70,73,138],"clarify":[45],"the":[46,80,85,110,139],"immunological":[47],"consequences":[48],"stiffness.":[51],"High":[52],"was":[55,120],"associated":[56],"with":[57,131,169],"collagen":[58],"accumulation":[59],"immune":[61,81,133],"exclusion,":[62],"while":[63],"higher":[64],"stiffness-associated":[65],"transcriptional":[66],"scores":[67],"were":[68],"related":[69],"poorer":[71],"response":[72],"PD-1":[74,88,170],"blockade.":[75,89],"Matrix":[76],"softening":[77,119,145,168],"markedly":[78],"reshaped":[79],"microenvironment":[82],"enhanced":[84,123],"efficacy":[86],"Mechanistically,":[90],"stiff":[91],"matrices":[92],"promoted":[93],"F-actin":[94],"remodeling":[95,152],"YAP":[97],"nuclear":[98],"enrichment,":[99],"driving":[100],"LDHA-dependent":[101],"glycolytic":[102],"reprogramming":[103],"cells":[106],"that":[107,135,150],"further":[108],"impaired":[109],"effector":[111],"function":[112],"CD8\u207a":[114],"T":[115],"cells.":[116],"Intriguingly,":[117],"accompanied":[121],"by":[122],"IFN-\u03b3-responsive":[124],"PD-L1":[125],"expression":[126],"cells,":[129],"consistent":[130],"adaptive":[132],"resistance":[134],"may":[136],"contribute":[137],"limited":[140],"effects":[142],"alone.":[146],"These":[147],"findings":[148],"suggest":[149],"alleviates":[153],"metabolic":[156],"constraints":[157],"on":[158],"immunity,":[160],"providing":[161],"preclinical":[163],"rationale":[164],"for":[165],"combining":[166],"blockade":[171],"GC.":[173],"Graphical":[174],"abstract":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}
