{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223984403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12110973","title":"Slide-Ring Microneedle Hydrogels for Sweat Monitoring Evaluated via a Benchtop Sweat Simulator","display_name":"Slide-Ring Microneedle Hydrogels for Sweat Monitoring Evaluated via a Benchtop Sweat Simulator","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223984403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12110973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels12110973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12110973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12110973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12110973","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147127143","display_name":"Manuel Ros-Sirvent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3310-1956","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3310-1956"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Ros-Sirvent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3310-1956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159830926","display_name":"Pamela Chillagana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5966-4287","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5966-4287"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela Chillagana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5966-4287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079980192","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Isabel Luc\u00edo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7404-352X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7404-352X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Isabel Luc\u00edo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7404-352X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060955576","display_name":"\u00c1ngel Maquieira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-4957","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-4957"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1ngel Maquieira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-4957","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021387935","display_name":"Luis Antonio Tortajada-Genaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-5607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-5607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Antonio Tortajada-Genaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4021-5607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052035814","display_name":"Mar\u00eda\u2010Jos\u00e9 Ba\u00f1uls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-7731","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-7731"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda-Jos\u00e9 Ba\u00f1uls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s/n, E46022 Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021387935","https://openalex.org/A5052035814"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986","https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2534},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2534},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66246434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"973","last_page":"973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.5009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.5009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.42160001397132874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":0.026399999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweat-sensing","display_name":"sweat monitoring","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-biosensors","display_name":"wearable biosensors","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudopolyrotaxanes","display_name":"pseudopolyrotaxanes","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogel-swelling","display_name":"hydrogel swelling","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-robustness","display_name":"mechanical robustness","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorimetric-ph-sensing","display_name":"colorimetric pH sensing","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-sweat","display_name":"synthetic sweat","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-invasive-biomarker-monitoring","display_name":"non-invasive biomarker monitoring","score":0.7269999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108586683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826","display_name":"Self-healing hydrogels","level":2,"score":0.8848000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63398376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7395168","display_name":"SWEAT","level":2,"score":0.7434999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.690500020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5555999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196806460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188603","display_name":"Capillary action","level":2,"score":0.4945000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205679159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3375179","display_name":"Transdermal","level":2,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1318750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biocompatible material","level":2,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911042189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639831","display_name":"Eccrine sweat","level":3,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778540859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Swelling","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27709999680519104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels12110973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12110973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12110973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/gels12110973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12110973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12110973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737559645","display_name":"Gels","issn_l":"2310-2861","issn":["2310-2861"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gels","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/003x0zc53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541116624","https://openalex.org/W1997119204","https://openalex.org/W2032691980","https://openalex.org/W2065845122","https://openalex.org/W2085103363","https://openalex.org/W2091343016","https://openalex.org/W2173747054","https://openalex.org/W2581129996","https://openalex.org/W2768123168","https://openalex.org/W2802678962","https://openalex.org/W2908711986","https://openalex.org/W2911675864","https://openalex.org/W2947656395","https://openalex.org/W3001091572","https://openalex.org/W3005887826","https://openalex.org/W3029937145","https://openalex.org/W3038379888","https://openalex.org/W3046652026","https://openalex.org/W3082871368","https://openalex.org/W3110642299","https://openalex.org/W3162520765","https://openalex.org/W3185516846","https://openalex.org/W3186719133","https://openalex.org/W3193392812","https://openalex.org/W4205572459","https://openalex.org/W4206518755","https://openalex.org/W4206970580","https://openalex.org/W4292266438","https://openalex.org/W4313397009","https://openalex.org/W4360989166","https://openalex.org/W4362648037","https://openalex.org/W4367315895","https://openalex.org/W4367856162","https://openalex.org/W4380519894","https://openalex.org/W4387461225","https://openalex.org/W4390751412","https://openalex.org/W4400211486","https://openalex.org/W4401885458","https://openalex.org/W4404507047","https://openalex.org/W4405168355","https://openalex.org/W4406690041","https://openalex.org/W4406821466","https://openalex.org/W4409192627","https://openalex.org/W4410864184","https://openalex.org/W4410876918","https://openalex.org/W4412153486","https://openalex.org/W4415200722","https://openalex.org/W4415683357","https://openalex.org/W4417419518","https://openalex.org/W7162066283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415200722","https://openalex.org/W2993884996","https://openalex.org/W4409786901","https://openalex.org/W7125908473","https://openalex.org/W4411711112","https://openalex.org/W4409097004","https://openalex.org/W7083310544","https://openalex.org/W4412580559","https://openalex.org/W7123454004","https://openalex.org/W4410864184"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wearable":[0],"sweat":[1,24,35,64,100,107],"sensors":[2],"are":[3,32],"promising":[4],"tools":[5],"for":[6,34],"non-invasive":[7],"biomarker":[8],"monitoring,":[9],"but":[10],"their":[11,43],"development":[12],"is":[13],"hindered":[14],"by":[15],"the":[16,128,138],"lack":[17],"of":[18,141],"standardized":[19],"testing":[20],"platforms":[21],"and":[22,94,114],"human":[23],"variability.":[25],"Although":[26],"hydrogels":[27],"with":[28,83,108],"high":[29],"swelling":[30],"capacity":[31],"attractive":[33],"collection,":[36],"poor":[37],"post-swelling":[38],"mechanical":[39],"resistance":[40],"often":[41],"limits":[42],"application.":[44],"To":[45],"overcome":[46],"this":[47,49],"limitation,":[48],"study":[50],"presents":[51],"a":[52,78,98,118,126],"mechanically":[53],"robust,":[54],"highly":[55],"swellable":[56],"hydrogel":[57,129],"featuring":[58],"surface":[59],"microneedles":[60],"(MN)":[61],"that":[62],"enhance":[63],"absorption":[65],"kinetics":[66],"through":[67,117],"capillary":[68],"fluid":[69],"dispersion":[70],"without":[71],"microstructural":[72],"collapse.":[73],"The":[74],"microneedle":[75],"patch":[76],"incorporates":[77],"PDMS-molded":[79],"hydrophilic":[80],"copolymer":[81],"network":[82],"PEG-\u03b2-cyclodextrin-based":[84],"pseudopolyrotaxanes":[85],"as":[86,125],"mobile":[87],"crosslinking":[88],"junctions":[89],"to":[90,104],"promote":[91],"stress":[92],"dissipation":[93],"structural":[95],"integrity.":[96],"Additionally,":[97],"benchtop":[99],"simulator":[101],"was":[102],"developed":[103],"deliver":[105],"synthetic":[106],"tunable,":[109],"reproducible":[110],"flow":[111],"rates,":[112],"compositions,":[113],"temporal":[115],"profiles":[116],"programmable":[119],"interface.":[120],"Using":[121],"colorimetric":[122],"pH":[123],"monitoring":[124],"proof-of-concept,":[127],"demonstrated":[130],"excellent":[131],"performance":[132],"across":[133],"simulated":[134],"biological":[135],"variability,":[136],"highlighting":[137],"vital":[139],"role":[140],"material":[142],"design":[143],"in":[144],"accelerating":[145],"wearable":[146],"biosensor":[147],"translation.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}