{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223963477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.33609","title":"Satellite-derived bathymetry of Arabian Gulf ports under leakage-free validation: a multi-site benchmark of empirical, machine-learning and deep-learning models against 285,000 multibeam soundings, with an outlook for UAE waters","display_name":"Satellite-derived bathymetry of Arabian Gulf ports under leakage-free validation: a multi-site benchmark of empirical, machine-learning and deep-learning models against 285,000 multibeam soundings, with an outlook for UAE waters","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223963477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.33609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.33609","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.33609","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.33609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.33609","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159934822","display_name":"Muhammad Saeed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed, Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abu Dhabi Maritime Academy , P.O. Box 54477 , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abu Dhabi Maritime Academy , P.O. Box 54477 , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159794802","display_name":"Mohamed H. Alhosani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alhosani, Mohamed H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abu Dhabi Maritime Academy , P.O. Box 54477 , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abu Dhabi Maritime Academy , P.O. Box 54477 , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063625880","display_name":"Dmitry Mikhaylov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2108-6820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2108-6820"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikhaylov, Dmitry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abu Dhabi Maritime Academy , P.O. Box 54477 , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abu Dhabi Maritime Academy , P.O. Box 54477 , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160377283","display_name":"Yasser F. Al Wahedi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wahedi, Yasser F. Al","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.6830999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.6830999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.2632000148296356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12983","display_name":"Satellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry","score":0.023800000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-derived-bathymetry","display_name":"satellite-derived bathymetry","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-learning","display_name":"transfer learning","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightgbm","display_name":"LightGBM","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/u-net","display_name":"U-Net","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentinel-2","display_name":"Sentinel-2","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-turbidity","display_name":"water turbidity","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seafloor-mapping","display_name":"seafloor mapping","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-monitoring","display_name":"change monitoring","score":0.6430000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174943157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810826","display_name":"Bathymetry","level":2,"score":0.866599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6546000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5221999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186348155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7975538","display_name":"Waves and shallow water","level":2,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138845058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915844","display_name":"Bathymetric chart","level":3,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.38929998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992143177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7973862","display_name":"Water transfer","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15627037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541961","display_name":"Classification of discontinuities","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162284963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106102","display_name":"Submarine pipeline","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1284942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929501","display_name":"Water level","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.33609","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.33609","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.33609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.33609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.33609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.33609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.33609","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.33609","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.33609","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7778000235557556}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318240","display_name":"European Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03wd9za21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223963477.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223963477.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535357625","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1971689326","https://openalex.org/W1973885930","https://openalex.org/W1995421053","https://openalex.org/W2004804317","https://openalex.org/W2014123121","https://openalex.org/W2105012295","https://openalex.org/W2152686492","https://openalex.org/W2168707907","https://openalex.org/W2171375275","https://openalex.org/W2560136348","https://openalex.org/W2597944323","https://openalex.org/W2806339229","https://openalex.org/W2890350757","https://openalex.org/W2945963590","https://openalex.org/W2954700524","https://openalex.org/W3005258688","https://openalex.org/W3006602057","https://openalex.org/W3023343207","https://openalex.org/W3049063071","https://openalex.org/W3090911235","https://openalex.org/W3127041552","https://openalex.org/W3133710129","https://openalex.org/W3136208826","https://openalex.org/W3153705872","https://openalex.org/W3175025844","https://openalex.org/W4229053098","https://openalex.org/W4361012985","https://openalex.org/W7163018756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980158576","https://openalex.org/W4375953501","https://openalex.org/W4200032532","https://openalex.org/W3119390117","https://openalex.org/W4390912067","https://openalex.org/W4289931670","https://openalex.org/W2945963590","https://openalex.org/W3206571038","https://openalex.org/W7128875752","https://openalex.org/W4416241205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Satellite-derived":[0],"bathymetry":[1],"(SDB)":[2],"is":[3,18,284],"often":[4],"proposed":[5],"as":[6,317],"a":[7,66,73,97,103,126,161,188,235,278,285],"low-cost":[8],"complement":[9],"to":[10,56,86,217,231,294],"multibeam":[11,46],"surveys":[12,50,230],"of":[13,39,96,163,178,245,248,271],"ports,":[14],"but":[15],"its":[16],"accuracy":[17],"seldom":[19],"measured":[20],"on":[21,78,256,266],"an":[22,87,139],"area":[23],"the":[24,33,40,63,111,115,117,144,154,164,168,181,229,249,272],"model":[25,70,120],"has":[26],"never":[27],"seen.":[28],"We":[29],"test":[30],"SDB":[31,275],"in":[32,84,196,291],"turbid,":[34],"shallow":[35],"and":[36,72,82,90,135,167,187,212,288,308],"tidal":[37],"waters":[38,293],"Abu":[41],"Dhabi":[42],"coast":[43],"against":[44],"285,619":[45],"soundings":[47],"from":[48,310],"twelve":[49],"at":[51,138],"six":[52,218],"port":[53],"areas,":[54],"reduced":[55],"Lowest":[57],"Astronomical":[58],"Tide.":[59],"The":[60,107,203],"Stumpf":[61,145],"ratio,":[62],"Lyzenga":[64],"transform,":[65],"monotonic":[67],"gradient-boosted":[68],"tree":[69,165],"(LightGBM)":[71],"U-Net":[74,155],"ensemble":[75],"were":[76,215],"trained":[77],"72":[79],"Sentinel-2":[80,274],"images":[81,214],"tested":[83],"transfer":[85,143],"unseen":[88,140],"site":[89],"with":[91,192,228,276],"local":[92,159,306],"control":[93,160,280],"(about":[94],"20%":[95],"site's":[98],"soundings,":[99],"spatial":[100,133],"blocks":[101,134,268],"beyond":[102,209],"225":[104],"m":[105,123,131,137,173,233,242,264],"buffer).":[106],"validation":[108],"design":[109],"changed":[110],"result":[112],"more":[113,220],"than":[114,222],"model:":[116],"same":[118],"LightGBM":[119],"gave":[121],"0.57":[122],"RMSE":[124,265],"under":[125,132],"random":[127,311],"pixel":[128],"split,":[129],"1.30":[130],"1.66":[136],"site.":[141],"In":[142],"ratio":[146,170],"(1.45":[147],"m)":[148],"was":[149,238],"not":[150,206,300,314],"beaten":[151],"by":[152,254],"LightGBM,":[153],"or":[156],"Lyzenga.":[157],"With":[158],"hybrid":[162],"output":[166],"band":[169],"reached":[171,200,262],"1.11":[172],"over":[174,269],"0-11":[175],"m,":[176,211],"67%":[177],"pixels":[179],"within":[180],"IHO":[182],"S-44":[183,302],"Order":[184,303],"2":[185],"tolerance":[186],"conformal":[189],"95%":[190,193],"interval":[191],"observed":[194],"coverage;":[195],"clear":[197],"water":[198],"it":[199,298],"0.29-0.53":[201],"m.":[202],"seabed":[204],"could":[205],"be":[207,315],"read":[208],"11":[210],"summer":[213],"five":[216],"times":[219],"turbid":[221],"winter":[223],"ones.":[224],"ICESat-2":[225,257],"ATL24":[226],"agreed":[227],"0.25":[232],"after":[234],"depth-dependent":[236],"offset":[237],"removed.":[239],"A":[240],"60":[241],"reconnaissance":[243,287],"mosaic":[244],"17,200":[246],"km2":[247],"UAE":[250],"coast,":[251],"calibrated":[252],"cell":[253,255],"without":[258,305],"any":[259],"vessel":[260],"survey,":[261],"1.42":[263],"held-out":[267],"half":[270],"product.":[273],"about":[277,295],"hundred":[279],"depths":[281],"per":[282],"image":[283],"usable":[286],"change-monitoring":[289],"tool":[290],"these":[292],"10":[296],"m;":[297],"does":[299],"meet":[301],"1":[304],"control,":[307],"accuracies":[309],"splits":[312],"should":[313],"taken":[316],"operational":[318],"accuracy.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}