{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223916283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13016/ggn9-85s4","title":"MECHANISMS CONTROLLING PHOTOCHEMICAL LOSS OF OZONE IN THE MIDLATITUDE STRATOSPHERE","display_name":"MECHANISMS CONTROLLING PHOTOCHEMICAL LOSS OF OZONE IN THE MIDLATITUDE STRATOSPHERE","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223916283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13016/ggn9-85s4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.13016/ggn9-85s4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13016/ggn9-85s4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/ggn9-85s4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/ggn9-85s4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159792210","display_name":"Laila Vadney Howar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Howar, Laila Vadney","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159792210"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratospheric-ozone-depletion","display_name":"stratospheric ozone depletion","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mid-latitude-stratosphere","display_name":"mid-latitude stratosphere","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-activation","display_name":"chlorine activation","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-chemistry","display_name":"heterogeneous chemistry","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nox","display_name":"NOx","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stratospheric-sulfate-aerosols","display_name":"stratospheric sulfate aerosols","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volcanic-eruptions","display_name":"volcanic eruptions","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photochemical-kinetics","display_name":"photochemical kinetics","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-nitrate","display_name":"chlorine nitrate","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine-monoxide","display_name":"chlorine monoxide","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrous-oxide","display_name":"nitrous oxide","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ozone-layer-recovery","display_name":"ozone recovery","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163861444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108376","display_name":"Stratosphere","level":2,"score":0.9347000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.7603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115719804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79995","display_name":"Ozone layer","level":3,"score":0.7232999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18101618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9346670","display_name":"Middle latitudes","level":2,"score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508106653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36933","display_name":"Ozone","level":2,"score":0.663100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141810719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183140","display_name":"Ozone depletion","level":3,"score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203032635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20962970","display_name":"NOx","level":3,"score":0.5763000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505241676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688","display_name":"Chlorine","level":2,"score":0.4672999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778835443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39061","display_name":"Northern Hemisphere","level":2,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49999975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287919","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry","level":3,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122523270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34027","display_name":"Latitude","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779681926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117936","display_name":"Sulfate aerosol","level":3,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172290","display_name":"Sulfate","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62279395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric models","level":3,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120806208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8072","display_name":"Volcano","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111603439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193","display_name":"Boundary layer","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777252438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41228","display_name":"Southern Hemisphere","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88575799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145825","display_name":"Nadir","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.13016/ggn9-85s4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13016/ggn9-85s4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/ggn9-85s4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.13016/ggn9-85s4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.13016/ggn9-85s4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/ggn9-85s4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415164096","https://openalex.org/W2013085407","https://openalex.org/W7052792733","https://openalex.org/W2114317967","https://openalex.org/W2117819234","https://openalex.org/W7165883654","https://openalex.org/W1972308448","https://openalex.org/W2095500616","https://openalex.org/W2134552111","https://openalex.org/W2044772306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"dissertation":[1,520],"evaluates":[2],"various":[3],"open-ended":[4],"issues":[5],"related":[6],"to":[7,40,64,84,102,117,236,266,277,368,372,446,524,526,575],"the":[8,14,32,36,41,52,57,73,93,106,128,132,150,184,191,196,224,239,250,260,267,285,299,326,338,354,359,399,403,411,435,443,458,462,467,471,479,491,501,507,516,522,540,545,552,558,563,567,576],"depletion":[9],"of":[10,24,31,35,44,56,75,108,113,125,134,175,183,253,263,288,392,410,417,486,500,518,530,548,554,569],"stratospheric":[11,156,176,393,492,580],"ozone":[12,37,45,90,323,538,577],"in":[13,26,92,127,223,249,259,325,345,358,374,415,454,476,490,498,513,539,557],"midlatitude":[15,94,541],"Northern":[16],"Hemisphere":[17,363],"(NH)":[18],"stratosphere":[19,96,130,328,460,561],"and":[20,54,88,115,122,207,211,214,255,290,304,308,336,350,361,376,429,438,451,461,503,533,550],"identifies":[21],"possible":[22,573],"sources":[23],"uncertainty":[25],"global":[27,312,381],"chemistry-climate":[28,382],"model":[29],"predictions":[30],"future":[33],"recovery":[34],"layer":[38,136,578],"due":[39],"harmful":[42],"effects":[43],"depleting":[46],"substances.":[47],"In-situ":[48],"observations":[49],"obtained":[50],"during":[51,153],"Dynamics":[53],"Chemistry":[55],"Summer":[58],"Stratosphere":[59],"(DCOTSS)":[60],"mission":[61],"were":[62,161,275,370],"analyzed":[63],"assess":[65],"why":[66],"chlorine":[67,145,420],"activation":[68,99,146],"was":[69,100,234],"not":[70,431,440,496],"observed,":[71],"despite":[72],"sampling":[74],"conditions":[76,151],"that":[77,143,172,188,238,296,311,314,483,494,536],"several":[78],"prior":[79],"studies":[80],"suggested":[81],"would":[82],"lead":[83],"rapid":[85],"heterogeneous":[86],"chemistry":[87],"associated":[89],"loss":[91,324,333,340],"lower":[95,327,469,560],"(LS).":[97],"Chlorine":[98],"found":[101],"be":[103,242,278],"limited":[104],"by":[105,164,209,245,284,329,334,341,353,379,398,426,434,442,579],"availability":[107],"inorganic":[109],"chlorine,":[110],"adequate":[111],"partitioning":[112],"ClONO2":[114,208],"HCl":[116],"yield":[118],"appreciable":[119],"reaction":[120,272],"rates,":[121],"elevated":[123],"levels":[124],"NOx":[126],"lowermost":[129],"from":[131,195,366],"lofting":[133],"boundary":[135],"pollutants.":[137],"Our":[138],"chemical":[139,532],"trajectory":[140],"simulations":[141],"showed":[142],"significant":[144],"could":[147,241],"occur":[148],"for":[149,298,402],"observed":[152,205,218,305,352,390,450,508],"DCOTSS":[154,185],"if":[155],"sulfate":[157,177,581],"surface":[158],"area":[159],"density":[160],"enhanced":[162],"either":[163],"major":[165,488],"volcanic":[166],"eruptions,":[167],"or":[168],"climate":[169],"intervention":[170],"efforts":[171],"involve":[173],"enhancement":[174],"aerosols.":[178],"Next,":[179],"photochemical":[180],"steady-state":[181],"modeling":[182],"dataset":[186],"revealed":[187,473],"calculations":[189],"employing":[190],"latest":[192,268],"kinetic":[193,294,318],"recommendations":[194,282,319],"NASA":[197],"Jet":[198],"Propulsion":[199],"Laboratory":[200],"(JPL)":[201],"compendium":[202],"systematically":[203],"overestimate":[204,321],"NO2":[206],"20-30%":[210],"25-50%,":[212],"respectively,":[213],"provide":[215],"agreement":[216,301,448],"with":[217,281,506],"ClO":[219,309],"within":[220],"\u00b1":[221],"5%,":[222],"18-21":[225],"km":[226],"altitude":[227],"region.":[228],"A":[229],"500-member":[230],"Monte":[231],"Carlo":[232],"simulation":[233],"used":[235],"determine":[237],"data":[240,472],"best":[243,300],"fit":[244],"a":[246,256,388,474,487],"~23%":[247],"increase":[248],"formation":[251,261,546],"rate":[252,262,273],"HNO3":[254,549],"~12%":[257],"decrease":[258],"ClONO2,":[264,307],"relative":[265],"JPL":[269,317],"recommendation.":[270],"Both":[271],"adjustments":[274,295],"shown":[276],"more":[279],"consistent":[280,505],"provided":[283],"International":[286],"Union":[287],"Pure":[289],"Applied":[291],"Chemistry.":[292],"The":[293],"allow":[297],"between":[302,449],"modeled":[303,452],"NO2,":[306],"suggest":[310],"models":[313,383,502],"use":[315],"current":[316],"may":[320],"NOx-driven":[322],"~9%,":[330],"underestimate":[331,337],"halogen-driven":[332],"~25%,":[335],"HOx-driven":[339],"~14%.":[342],"Finally,":[343],"trends":[344,373,414,453],"Cly":[346,375,394,416],"(HCl":[347],"+":[348],"ClONO2)":[349],"N2O":[351,377,477],"space-borne":[355],"ACE-FTS":[356],"instrument":[357],"NH":[360,406,463,468,559],"Southern":[362],"(SH)":[364],"midlatitudes":[365],"2004":[367],"2025":[369],"compared":[371],"simulated":[378,397],"eight":[380],"(CCMs).":[384],"These":[385],"comparisons":[386],"reveal":[387],"slower":[389,509],"decline":[391,475,512],"than":[395,510],"is":[396,484,495,504],"CCMs,":[400,444],"particularly":[401,456],"LS":[404],"at":[405],"midlatitudes.":[407],"An":[408],"estimate":[409],"impact":[412],"on":[413],"very":[418],"short-lived":[419],"compounds":[421],"(VSL-Cl),":[422],"which":[423],"are":[424,430,439],"produced":[425],"industrial":[427],"processes":[428,535],"yet":[432],"regulated":[433],"Montreal":[436],"Protocol":[437],"considered":[441],"led":[445],"better":[447],"Cly,":[455],"throughout":[457],"SH":[459],"upper":[464],"stratosphere.":[465],"For":[466],"stratosphere,":[470,542],"over":[478,562],"past":[480,564],"two":[481,565],"decades":[482],"indicative":[485],"change":[489],"transport":[493,555],"represented":[497],"any":[499],"expected":[511],"Cly.":[514],"Together,":[515],"results":[517],"this":[519],"highlight":[521],"need":[523],"continue":[525],"improve":[527],"our":[528],"understanding":[529],"specific":[531],"dynamical":[534],"regulate":[537],"such":[543],"as":[544],"rates":[547],"ClONO2;":[551],"cause":[553],"changes":[556],"decades;":[566],"role":[568],"VSL-Cl":[570],"species;":[571],"and,":[572],"harm":[574],"injection.":[582]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}