{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223912499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag510","title":"IL-6 Blockade With Clazakizumab Is Associated With Low Myeloid Cell Activation and Increased Type 2 Immune Responses in Nonsurvivors of COVID-19","display_name":"IL-6 Blockade With Clazakizumab Is Associated With Low Myeloid Cell Activation and Increased Type 2 Immune Responses in Nonsurvivors of COVID-19","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223912499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag510","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42937315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/infdis/jiag510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag510","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiag510/72482208/jiag510.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiag510/72482208/jiag510.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038233626","display_name":"Laila Stoddart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5194-8563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5194-8563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laila Stoddart","raw_affiliation_strings":["W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5194-8563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018414374","display_name":"Trevor Scott Johnston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8662-541X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8662-541X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trevor S Johnston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8662-541X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130715299","display_name":"Weiqiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-9571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-9571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062385932","display_name":"Ramy El\u2013Diwany","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-6414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3224-6414"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramy El-Diwany","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082726880","display_name":"Sherry G. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8785-8055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8785-8055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherry Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8785-8055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159763855","display_name":"Nada Alachkar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nada Alachkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010788580","display_name":"Russell Wesson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-6573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-6573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell N Wesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068945817","display_name":"Elizabeth D. Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-843X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-843X","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8464-9904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth A Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8464-9904","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091563687","display_name":"Andrea L. Cox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-2462","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-2462"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea L Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9331-2462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069380959","display_name":"Andrew H. Karaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2785-317X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2785-317X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew H Karaba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2785-317X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069380959","https://openalex.org/A5091563687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"],"apc_list":{"value":4763,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4763},"apc_paid":{"value":4763,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4763},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83989703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14165","display_name":"Inflammation biomarkers and pathways","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clazakizumab","display_name":"clazakizumab","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-6-inhibition","display_name":"IL-6 inhibition","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-covid-19","display_name":"severe COVID-19","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myeloid-cell-activation","display_name":"myeloid cell activation","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th2-response","display_name":"Th2 immune response","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-27","display_name":"IL-27","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-myelopoiesis","display_name":"emergency myelopoiesis","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-response","display_name":"cytokine response","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-blood-transcriptome","display_name":"whole blood transcriptome","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-survivors","display_name":"non-survivors","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personalized-treatment","display_name":"personalized treatment","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778468042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273976","display_name":"Blockade","level":3,"score":0.8436999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95862172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9032597","display_name":"Myelopoiesis","level":4,"score":0.7401999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6643000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6607999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5658000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779282312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1956561","display_name":"Myeloid","level":2,"score":0.5382000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553184892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141429","display_name":"Flow cytometry","level":2,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780850621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3961647","display_name":"Cytokine release syndrome","level":5,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21686041","display_name":"Immune checkpoint","level":4,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994430510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270846","display_name":"Myeloid cells","level":3,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1621761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7997549","display_name":"Whole blood","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13373296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421866","display_name":"Chemokine","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/infdis/jiag510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag510","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiag510/72482208/jiag510.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42937315","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42937315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of infectious diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/infdis/jiag510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag510","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiag510/72482208/jiag510.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54542293","display_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"0022-1899","issn":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223912499.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223912499.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3114451125","https://openalex.org/W3127704917","https://openalex.org/W4280589239","https://openalex.org/W4378953758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4307482865","https://openalex.org/W4377564480","https://openalex.org/W4386398862","https://openalex.org/W4385717686","https://openalex.org/W4285795734","https://openalex.org/W4362639994","https://openalex.org/W4393975973","https://openalex.org/W4400558189","https://openalex.org/W3131781862","https://openalex.org/W4212898080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"IL-6":[1,22,45,104,189,206],"inhibitors":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"associated":[5,110,118,167],"with":[6,111,119,150,168],"reduced":[7],"mortality":[8],"in":[9,12,24,47,56,68,71,100,198,204,210],"severe":[10,69],"COVID-19":[11,70,199],"randomized":[13,58],"clinical":[14,113],"trials,":[15],"but":[16],"the":[17,25,40,72,98,144,159],"comprehensive":[18],"immunological":[19],"impact":[20],"of":[21,27,61,79,138,158,172],"blockade":[23,105,190],"setting":[26],"an":[28],"acute":[29],"viral":[30],"infection":[31],"is":[32],"poorly":[33],"understood.":[34],"METHODS:":[35],"To":[36],"gain":[37],"insight":[38],"into":[39],"systemic":[41],"immune":[42,101],"response":[43,148],"to":[44,90,96,107,186,194],"inhibition":[46],"COVID-19,":[48],"we":[49],"utilized":[50],"samples":[51,91],"from":[52,188],"patients":[53,183],"who":[54,132],"participated":[55],"a":[57,63,120,136],"placebo-controlled":[59],"trial":[60],"clazakizumab,":[62],"direct":[64],"anti-IL-6":[65],"monoclonal":[66],"antibody,":[67],"pre-vaccine":[73],"era.":[74],"We":[75],"applied":[76],"multidimensional":[77],"measurements":[78],"cytokines,":[80],"chemokines,":[81],"whole":[82],"blood":[83],"transcriptomes,":[84],"and":[85,93,106,125,191,200],"high-dimensional":[86],"immune-metabolic":[87],"flow":[88],"cytometry":[89],"before":[92],"after":[94,103,170],"treatment":[95],"study":[97],"changes":[99],"signatures":[102],"identify":[108,182],"pathways":[109],"positive":[112],"outcomes.":[114],"RESULTS:":[115],"Clazakizumab":[116],"was":[117],"distinct":[121],"myeloid":[122,152],"activation":[123],"signature":[124],"type":[126],"2":[127],"(T2)":[128],"cytokine":[129],"response.":[130],"Non-survivors":[131],"received":[133],"clazakizumab":[134],"demonstrated":[135],"decoupling":[137],"these":[139],"two":[140],"clazakizumab-associated":[141],"phenotypes,":[142],"exhibiting":[143],"most":[145,184],"pronounced":[146],"T2":[147],"coupled":[149],"less":[151],"activation.":[153],"Furthermore,":[154],"elevated":[155],"baseline":[156],"levels":[157],"emergency":[160],"myelopoiesis":[161],"related":[162],"cytokine,":[163],"IL-27,":[164],"were":[165],"strongly":[166],"non-survival":[169],"receipt":[171],"clazakizumab.":[173],"CONCLUSIONS:":[174],"These":[175],"findings":[176],"suggest":[177],"that":[178],"specific":[179],"biomarkers":[180],"may":[181],"likely":[185],"benefit":[187],"could":[192],"lead":[193],"more":[195],"personalized":[196],"applications":[197],"other":[201],"inflammatory":[202],"conditions":[203],"which":[205],"targeted":[207],"therapies":[208],"are":[209],"use.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}