{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223864313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.34583","title":"The German Tank Problem & Navigating by Scent","display_name":"The German Tank Problem & Navigating by Scent","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223864313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.34583"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.34583","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34583","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.34583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.34583","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038523632","display_name":"Kordel K. France","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-5337","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-5337"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"France, Kordel Kade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scentience, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scentience, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038523632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12321","display_name":"Insect Pheromone Research and Control","score":0.7348999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12321","display_name":"Insect Pheromone Research and Control","score":0.7348999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.030500000342726707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.017899999395012856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/odor-source-localization","display_name":"odor source localization","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/olfactory-navigation","display_name":"olfactory navigation","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood-estimation","display_name":"maximum likelihood estimation","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-limits","display_name":"confidence limits","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-efficiency","display_name":"sample efficiency","score":0.5619999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6725999712944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4593000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778916471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485537","display_name":"Odor","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33390000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191393472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15222032","display_name":"Bias of an estimator","level":4,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26080000400543213}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.34583","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34583","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.34583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.34583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.34583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.34583","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.34583","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.34583","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.34583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223864313.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223864313.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3126121973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169565475","https://openalex.org/W1992819009","https://openalex.org/W2968094401","https://openalex.org/W2911449121","https://openalex.org/W7099268203","https://openalex.org/W2074955933","https://openalex.org/W2393377875","https://openalex.org/W3111445669","https://openalex.org/W2116206144","https://openalex.org/W2332959224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,126],"robot":[1,32,90,138],"searching":[2,149],"for":[3,94,150,184],"the":[4,20,27,35,40,56,80,95,104,137,151,156,177,181],"source":[5],"of":[6,98],"an":[7,68,99,112],"odor":[8,100,152],"must":[9],"eventually":[10],"answer":[11],"a":[12,30,45,50,89,119,123,133],"notably":[13],"hard":[14],"question:":[15],"have":[16],"I":[17],"arrived?":[18],"Near":[19],"source,":[21],"concentration":[22,97],"gradients":[23],"homogenize,":[24],"turbulence":[25],"corrupts":[26],"signal,":[28],"and":[29,102,122,158,165],"small":[31],"often":[33],"lacks":[34],"positional":[36],"accuracy":[37],"to":[38,91,143],"map":[39],"plume.":[41],"Here,":[42],"we":[43,78,175],"describe":[44],"lightweight":[46],"remedy":[47],"inspired":[48],"by":[49],"World":[51],"War":[52],"II":[53],"statistics":[54],"conundrum:":[55],"German":[57,62],"tank":[58],"problem.":[59],"To":[60],"approximate":[61],"armament":[63],"production,":[64],"Allied":[65],"analysts":[66],"developed":[67],"estimator":[69,116,157],"based":[70],"on":[71],"serial":[72],"numbers":[73,131],"from":[74,88],"captured":[75],"tanks.":[76],"Analogously,":[77],"use":[79,142],"same":[81],"procedure":[82],"over":[83],"sampled":[84],"chemical":[85],"sensor":[86,109],"readings":[87],"create":[92],"estimates":[93],"peak":[96],"plume,":[101],"therefore":[103],"odor's":[105],"source.":[106,153],"Treating":[107],"each":[108],"reading":[110],"as":[111,180],"observation,":[113],"our":[114],"unbiased":[115],"needs":[117],"only":[118],"running":[120],"maximum":[121],"sample":[124,163],"counter.":[125],"confidence":[127],"bound":[128],"turns":[129],"both":[130],"into":[132],"principled":[134],"rule":[135],"that":[136],"or":[139],"UAV":[140],"can":[141],"determine":[144],"whether":[145],"it":[146],"should":[147],"keep":[148],"We":[154],"derive":[155],"its":[159,162,167,171],"bound,":[160],"demonstrate":[161],"efficiency,":[164],"examine":[166],"robustness":[168],"even":[169],"when":[170],"assumptions":[172],"fail.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"summarize":[176],"estimator's":[178],"role":[179],"termination":[182],"criterion":[183],"olfactory":[185],"navigation.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}