{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223858481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213643","title":"Digital Health Technologies in Professional Healthcare Training: A Conceptual Framework for AI-Based Adaptive Clinical Simulation and Health Communication","display_name":"Digital Health Technologies in Professional Healthcare Training: A Conceptual Framework for AI-Based Adaptive Clinical Simulation and Health Communication","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223858481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213643"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213643","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139611568","display_name":"Syed Uzair Jaffri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4834-5118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4834-5118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Uzair Jaffri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4834-5118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046721615","display_name":"Ah Choo Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-1796","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-1796"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ah-Choo Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Interaction and Experience Design, CoE of Immersive Experience, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia","Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-1796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Interaction and Experience Design, CoE of Immersive Experience, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Creative Multimedia, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019065360","display_name":"Choo\u2010Yee Ting","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-2816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-2816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choo-Yee Ting","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Big Data and Blockchain Technologies, CoE of Advanced Cloud, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-2816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Big Data and Blockchain Technologies, CoE of Advanced Cloud, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159848692","display_name":"Salman Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2294-153X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2294-153X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188771183","display_name":"Iqra University","ror":"https://ror.org/00thhhw55","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188771183"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business Administration, Iqra University, Karachi 75850, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2294-153X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business Administration, Iqra University, Karachi 75850, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188771183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046721615"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83426667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"3643","last_page":"3643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.8101000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.8101000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.15440000593662262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.02419999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-health-technologies","display_name":"digital health technologies","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-professions-education","display_name":"health professions education","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-simulation","display_name":"clinical simulation","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-learning","display_name":"adaptive learning","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-communication","display_name":"health communication","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-centered-communication","display_name":"patient-centered communication","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"empathy","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competency-assessment","display_name":"competency assessment","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-feedback","display_name":"adaptive feedback","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardized-patients","display_name":"standardized patients","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-reasoning","display_name":"clinical reasoning","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-governance","display_name":"AI governance","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"conceptual framework","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-patients","display_name":"virtual patients","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.6814000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5909000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5748000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.45260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125014702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680749","display_name":"Adaptive learning","level":2,"score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778568292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7727275","display_name":"The Conceptual Framework","level":3,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780468074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16628824","display_name":"Digital learning","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120208923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158435","display_name":"Conceptual design","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159456220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q667334","display_name":"Instructional design","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779328685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475557","display_name":"Patient safety","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144352353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920411","display_name":"Computerized adaptive testing","level":3,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52970973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2497134","display_name":"Adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63108463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581233","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497617446","https://openalex.org/W1704942559","https://openalex.org/W1985824294","https://openalex.org/W2051339053","https://openalex.org/W2157641530","https://openalex.org/W2162661914","https://openalex.org/W2163580545","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2560768181","https://openalex.org/W2913277689","https://openalex.org/W2924551358","https://openalex.org/W2954595068","https://openalex.org/W2964523010","https://openalex.org/W3172314079","https://openalex.org/W4212922284","https://openalex.org/W4319460874","https://openalex.org/W4319662928","https://openalex.org/W4323050332","https://openalex.org/W4324373918","https://openalex.org/W4327946446","https://openalex.org/W4366390744","https://openalex.org/W4366769280","https://openalex.org/W4367310920","https://openalex.org/W4384071683","https://openalex.org/W4387144847","https://openalex.org/W4392769984","https://openalex.org/W4394920453","https://openalex.org/W4400079353","https://openalex.org/W4406200047","https://openalex.org/W4406871476","https://openalex.org/W4408490717","https://openalex.org/W4411403091","https://openalex.org/W7117464656","https://openalex.org/W7133211372","https://openalex.org/W7159607355","https://openalex.org/W7160492411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7201870227","https://openalex.org/W4413242707","https://openalex.org/W7171365327","https://openalex.org/W7159635795","https://openalex.org/W7134114620","https://openalex.org/W7168823205","https://openalex.org/W4412161820","https://openalex.org/W7159550873","https://openalex.org/W3125750034","https://openalex.org/W2912795535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"health":[1,16,66],"technologies":[2],"are":[3],"reshaping":[4],"professional":[5],"healthcare":[6,69],"training":[7],"by":[8],"enabling":[9],"more":[10],"adaptable":[11],"approaches":[12,26],"to":[13,80,157],"clinical":[14,36,63,90,172,224],"simulation,":[15],"communication":[17,67,100],"practice,":[18],"learner":[19,125,155],"assessment,":[20,39,132],"and":[21,45,65,75,84,96,101,105,108,110,138,151,162,167,176,182,216],"adaptive":[22,46,62,106,133],"learning.":[23],"However,":[24],"existing":[25],"often":[27],"address":[28],"these":[29],"skills":[30],"separately,":[31],"with":[32],"limited":[33],"integration":[34],"of":[35,207],"reasoning,":[37,91],"competence-focused":[38],"dynamic":[40],"simulated-patient":[41,129],"responses,":[42],"patient-centered":[43,99],"communication,":[44],"feedback":[47],"within":[48,119,164],"a":[49,190,196],"single":[50],"learning":[51],"cycle.":[52],"This":[53],"article":[54],"presents":[55],"an":[56,120],"evidence-informed":[57],"conceptual":[58,76,191],"framework":[59,114,186],"for":[60],"AI-based":[61],"simulation":[64,95],"in":[68],"training.":[70],"A":[71],"structured":[72],"literature":[73],"review":[74],"synthesis":[77],"were":[78],"used":[79],"identify":[81],"educational":[82,166,198,213,222],"requirements":[83,118],"design":[85,117,192],"implications":[86],"across":[87],"six":[88],"domains:":[89],"generative":[92],"artificial":[93],"intelligence,":[94],"virtual":[97],"patients,":[98],"empathy,":[102],"competency-oriented":[103],"assessment":[104,210],"learning,":[107],"safety":[109,168],"governance.":[111,184],"The":[112,141,185],"proposed":[113,188],"incorporates":[115],"seven":[116],"11-stage":[121],"closed":[122],"loop":[123],"linking":[124],"interaction,":[126],"behavior":[127,156],"capture,":[128],"state":[130],"updating,":[131],"response,":[134],"performance":[135],"analytics,":[136],"feedback,":[137],"scenario":[139],"progression.":[140],"simulated":[142],"patient":[143],"is":[144,187],"represented":[145],"through":[146],"interconnected":[147],"clinical,":[148],"informational,":[149],"affective,":[150],"interactional":[152],"states,":[153],"allowing":[154],"influence":[158],"subsequent":[159],"information":[160],"disclosure":[161],"interaction":[163],"predefined":[165],"boundaries.":[169],"Competency":[170],"standards,":[171],"guardrails,":[173],"escalation":[174],"rules,":[175],"high-stakes":[177],"decisions":[178],"remain":[179],"under":[180],"educator":[181],"institutional":[183],"as":[189],"model":[193],"rather":[194],"than":[195],"validated":[197],"intervention.":[199],"Its":[200],"value":[201],"therefore":[202],"requires":[203],"the":[204],"staged":[205],"evaluation":[206],"technical":[208],"consistency,":[209],"validity,":[211],"safety,":[212],"effectiveness,":[214],"retention,":[215],"behavioral":[217],"transfer":[218],"before":[219],"claims":[220],"regarding":[221],"or":[223],"outcomes":[225],"can":[226],"be":[227],"established.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}