{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223841689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aeb4ef","title":"Extending a Thermal Runaway Modeling Framework to Cells of Different Formats, Sizes, and Chemistries","display_name":"Extending a Thermal Runaway Modeling Framework to Cells of Different Formats, Sizes, and Chemistries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223841689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aeb4ef"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1149/1945-7111/aeb4ef","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aeb4ef","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aeb4ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138759888","display_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","issn_l":"0013-4651","issn":["0013-4651","1945-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128297563","display_name":"Nikola Vujnovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0639-7486","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0639-7486"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Vujnovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graz University of Technology","Sveta Nedelja"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0639-7486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graz University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sveta Nedelja","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054741075","display_name":"Karl Georg Hohenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5998-7385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5998-7385"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Hohenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sveta Nedelja"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5998-7385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sveta Nedelja","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068180647","display_name":"Patrick H\u00f6schele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5496-0010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5496-0010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262507","display_name":"Battery4Life GmbH","ror":"https://ror.org/03q1tx520","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262507"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick H\u00f6schele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battery4Life GmbH"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5496-0010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battery4Life GmbH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262507"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045081197","display_name":"Christian Ellersdorfer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-4515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-4515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4092182","display_name":"Graz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7xrm67","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262507","display_name":"Battery4Life GmbH","ror":"https://ror.org/03q1tx520","country_code":"AT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262507"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Ellersdorfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Battery4Life GmbH","Graz University of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-4515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Battery4Life GmbH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262507"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graz University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4092182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1950},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73605404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"173","issue":"20","first_page":"200517","last_page":"200517"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Battery Modeling and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12358","display_name":"Thermal and Kinetic Analysis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-runaway","display_name":"thermal runaway","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-safety","display_name":"battery safety","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cylindrical-cells","display_name":"cylindrical cells","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pouch-cells","display_name":"pouch cells","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-temperature","display_name":"surface temperature","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerating-rate-calorimetry","display_name":"accelerating rate calorimetry","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrhenius-parameters","display_name":"Arrhenius parameters","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotional-venting","display_name":"venting","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nickel-rich-layered-oxide-cathodes","display_name":"nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ncm-cathode","display_name":"NCM cathode","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise-linear-regression","display_name":"piecewise linear regression","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72688512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908282","display_name":"Thermal runaway","level":4,"score":0.8521999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.6001999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.5516999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.5418999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86183883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507505","display_name":"Arrhenius equation","level":3,"score":0.511900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5029000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109663097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453","display_name":"Adiabatic process","level":2,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117926987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210009","display_name":"Joule heating","level":2,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4156999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.39890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202270520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634314","display_name":"Calorimetry","level":2,"score":0.3709000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780101441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949930","display_name":"Pouch","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172100665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7465774","display_name":"Thermal conduction","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168068576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190241","display_name":"Thermocouple","level":2,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020116064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Heat generation","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129446986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542419","display_name":"Thermal analysis","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778284599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25340000","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1149/1945-7111/aeb4ef","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aeb4ef","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/aeb4ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S138759888","display_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","issn_l":"0013-4651","issn":["0013-4651","1945-7111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8485000133514404}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019357759","https://openalex.org/W2025959454","https://openalex.org/W2031725528","https://openalex.org/W2079647936","https://openalex.org/W2103884570","https://openalex.org/W2158595960","https://openalex.org/W2325008792","https://openalex.org/W2518967922","https://openalex.org/W2607385471","https://openalex.org/W2618037459","https://openalex.org/W2847489698","https://openalex.org/W2877955991","https://openalex.org/W2905261921","https://openalex.org/W2909689317","https://openalex.org/W2948856229","https://openalex.org/W2999837629","https://openalex.org/W2999951339","https://openalex.org/W3016570539","https://openalex.org/W3017695943","https://openalex.org/W3047314773","https://openalex.org/W3117942770","https://openalex.org/W3121543407","https://openalex.org/W3131809107","https://openalex.org/W3199420763","https://openalex.org/W3212753190","https://openalex.org/W3215107256","https://openalex.org/W4223482341","https://openalex.org/W4229016315","https://openalex.org/W4309740975","https://openalex.org/W4310235245","https://openalex.org/W4321196274","https://openalex.org/W4323033436","https://openalex.org/W4324373991","https://openalex.org/W4362695534","https://openalex.org/W4380051680","https://openalex.org/W4381050937","https://openalex.org/W4385208620","https://openalex.org/W4385650266","https://openalex.org/W4385769697","https://openalex.org/W4388797103","https://openalex.org/W4389101036","https://openalex.org/W4393390503","https://openalex.org/W4394871080","https://openalex.org/W4395691097","https://openalex.org/W4399322103","https://openalex.org/W4400146291","https://openalex.org/W4400319178","https://openalex.org/W4400768050","https://openalex.org/W4404026412","https://openalex.org/W4404791759","https://openalex.org/W4410456432","https://openalex.org/W4416375431","https://openalex.org/W7087028826","https://openalex.org/W7162424682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415008770","https://openalex.org/W7112398376","https://openalex.org/W7083317056","https://openalex.org/W7125428604","https://openalex.org/W7204820934","https://openalex.org/W3133159569","https://openalex.org/W4391683284","https://openalex.org/W7166682927","https://openalex.org/W7162424682","https://openalex.org/W7223557538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simplified":[0],"staged":[1],"thermal":[2],"runaway":[3],"(TR)":[4],"models":[5],"are":[6,15,30,74],"attractive":[7],"for":[8,18,115,126,172],"early-stage":[9],"battery":[10],"safety":[11],"assessment,":[12],"but":[13],"they":[14],"usually":[16],"parameterized":[17],"a":[19,41,90,106,111,142,149,157],"single":[20],"cell":[21,181],"type":[22],"and":[23,35,53,121,129,156,169,186,205],"rely":[24],"on":[25,137],"internal":[26,199],"temperature":[27,168],"measurements":[28],"that":[29,97,188],"impractical":[31],"in":[32,190],"sealed":[33],"cylindrical":[34,52,147,154],"pouch":[36,54,161,192],"cells.":[37],"This":[38],"work":[39],"extends":[40],"four-stage":[42],"TR":[43,133,184,189],"modeling":[44],"framework":[45],"so":[46],"it":[47],"can":[48,194],"be":[49,195],"applied":[50],"to":[51,202,206],"cells":[55,116,193,204],"of":[56,79,93,141],"different":[57],"sizes":[58],"with":[59,87,117],"nickel-rich":[60],"layered-oxide":[61],"cathodes":[62],"using":[63],"surface-temperature":[64],"data":[65,101],"from":[66],"accelerating":[67],"rate":[68,171],"calorimetry":[69],"(ARC)":[70],"alone.":[71],"Four":[72],"modifications":[73],"introduced:":[75],"an":[76],"objective":[77],"segmentation":[78],"the":[80,94,99,127,166],"temperature-rate":[81],"curve":[82],"by":[83],"three-segment":[84],"piecewise":[85],"regression":[86],"free":[88],"breakpoints;":[89],"regularized":[91],"extraction":[92],"Arrhenius":[95],"parameters":[96],"removes":[98],"ill-conditioned":[100],"at":[102],"each":[103,140],"stage":[104],"end;":[105],"stage-dependent":[107],"mass-loss":[108],"function,":[109],"including":[110],"two-step":[112],"venting":[113],"formulation":[114],"delayed":[118],"vent":[119],"opening;":[120],"format-specific":[122],"non-adiabatic":[123],"boundary":[124],"conditions":[125],"severe":[128],"cooling":[130],"phases.":[131],"Adiabatic":[132],"experiments":[134],"were":[135],"performed":[136],"three":[138,174],"samples":[139],"4.5":[143],"Ah":[144,151,159],"21700":[145],"NMC":[146,160],"cell,":[148,155],"33":[150],"4695":[152],"NCMA":[153],"65":[158],"cell.":[162],"The":[163,176],"model":[164],"reproduces":[165],"measured":[167],"temperature-rise":[170],"all":[173],"formats.":[175],"results":[177],"quantify":[178],"how":[179],"strongly":[180],"format":[182],"governs":[183],"severity":[185],"indicate":[187],"large-format":[191],"accurately":[196],"described":[197],"without":[198],"instrumentation.":[200],"Applicability":[201],"prismatic":[203],"other":[207],"cathode":[208],"chemistries,":[209],"such":[210],"as":[211],"LFP,":[212],"has":[213],"not":[214],"been":[215],"demonstrated.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}
