{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223826727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687611","title":"Still Standing: Why Buildings from Before AD 1100 Survive, in Wikidata","display_name":"Still Standing: Why Buildings from Before AD 1100 Survive, in Wikidata","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223826727","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23687611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687611","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081266831","display_name":"Tristan Hotham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-9349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-9349"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hotham, Tristan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent researcher"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-9349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent researcher","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081266831"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14388","display_name":"Medieval European History and Architecture","score":0.4603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14388","display_name":"Medieval European History and Architecture","score":0.4603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11846","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Management and Preservation","score":0.3869999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13519","display_name":"Historical Architecture and Urbanism","score":0.026599999517202377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-architecture","display_name":"religious architecture","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ruins","display_name":"ruins","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stone-buildings","display_name":"stone buildings","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-reuse","display_name":"building reuse","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abandonment","display_name":"abandonment","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-conservation","display_name":"building conservation","score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fortifications","display_name":"fortifications","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palaces","display_name":"palaces","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wikidata","display_name":"Wikidata","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36914074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940501","display_name":"nobody","level":2,"score":0.7235999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779816988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305418","display_name":"Abandonment (legal)","level":2,"score":0.5863000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.49880000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777222677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2514663","display_name":"Worship","level":2,"score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23687611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23687612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23687611","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23687611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3080326242","https://openalex.org/W4210652994","https://openalex.org/W2568490081","https://openalex.org/W2959252142","https://openalex.org/W4381853988","https://openalex.org/W1548143505","https://openalex.org/W2212766044","https://openalex.org/W2923629470","https://openalex.org/W367667492","https://openalex.org/W6987364540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Which":[0],"buildings":[1,161,194],"last":[2],"a":[3,17,144,204,226],"thousand":[4],"years,":[5],"and":[6,12,23,34,43,53,56,65,73,95,118,122,164,174,199,231,248],"why?":[7],"I":[8,45,83],"assemble":[9],"every":[10],"building":[11],"structure":[13],"in":[14,27,162,167],"Wikidata":[15],"with":[16,59,203],"construction":[18],"date":[19],"before":[20],"AD":[21],"1100":[22,64],"coordinates:":[24],"6,837":[25],"items":[26,185,202],"94":[28],"countries":[29],"after":[30,212],"removing":[31],"objects,":[32],"places":[33],"routes.":[35],"From":[36],"Wikidata's":[37],"classes,":[38],"conservation":[39],"states,":[40],"current":[41],"uses":[42],"labels":[44],"classify":[46],"each":[47],"by":[48,228],"original":[49,108,240],"use,":[50,222],"form,":[51],"condition":[52],"use":[54,163],"today,":[55],"compare":[57],"them":[58,112],"40,200":[60],"structures":[61],"built":[62,92],"between":[63],"1599.":[66],"Coverage":[67],"is":[68,146],"very":[69],"uneven":[70],"(Japan,":[71],"Italy":[72],"the":[74,80,88,129,132,168,175,236],"United":[75],"Kingdom":[76],"hold":[77],"46%":[78],"of":[79,87,111,116,120,171,181,201],"records),":[81],"so":[82],"report":[84],"shares.":[85],"65%":[86],"early":[89],"survivors":[90,134],"were":[91],"for":[93],"worship":[94],"only":[96,208],"4%":[97],"as":[98,242],"houses":[99,121],"or":[100,126],"palaces.":[101],"58%":[102],"still":[103],"appear":[104],"to":[105,219],"serve":[106],"their":[107],"purpose,":[109],"99%":[110],"religious,":[113],"while":[114],"30%":[115],"fortifications":[117],"72%":[119],"palaces":[123],"are":[124,135,165,191],"ruins":[125],"sites.":[127],"Against":[128],"later":[130,193],"set,":[131],"oldest":[133],"more":[136,148],"often":[137,149,224],"sacred":[138],"(73%":[139],"against":[140,152,186],"59%)":[141],"and,":[142],"where":[143,233],"material":[145],"recorded,":[147],"stone":[150],"(75%":[151],"62%).":[153],"Ruins":[154],"lie":[155],"further":[156],"from":[157],"modern":[158],"cities":[159],"than":[160],"concentrated":[166],"arid":[169],"belt":[170],"North":[172],"Africa":[173],"Middle":[176],"East.":[177],"A":[178],"hand":[179],"check":[180],"32":[182],"randomly":[183],"drawn":[184],"Wikipedia":[187],"finds":[188],"that":[189,210],"10":[190],"mostly":[192],"on":[195],"an":[196],"older":[197],"foundation,":[198],"20%":[200],"dated":[205],"style":[206],"list":[207],"styles":[209],"began":[211],"1100.":[213],"The":[214],"data":[215],"suggest":[216],"two":[217],"routes":[218],"survival:":[220],"continuous":[221],"which":[223,238],"preserves":[225,239],"place":[227],"rebuilding":[229],"it,":[230],"abandonment":[232],"nobody":[234],"reuses":[235],"stone,":[237],"fabric":[241],"ruins.":[243],"Interactive":[244],"version:":[245],"https://tristan-hotham.github.io/oldest-buildings/.":[246],"Data":[247],"code:":[249],"https://github.com/Tristan-Hotham/oldest-buildings.":[250],"Blog":[251],"post:":[252],"https://blog.tristanhotham.com/2026/10/27/oldest-buildings/.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}