{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223810348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0","title":"Vaccine handling practices and determinants in immunization centers of Gambella, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","display_name":"Vaccine handling practices and determinants in immunization centers of Gambella, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223810348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77349-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77349-0_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072128992","display_name":"Desalegn Chilo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1514-4720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1514-4720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152899","display_name":"Mattu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gcmye25","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152899"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Desalegn Chilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health Sciences, Pharmacy Department, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1514-4720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health Sciences, Pharmacy Department, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159820357","display_name":"Lijalem Dagnew","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152899","display_name":"Mattu University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gcmye25","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152899"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijalem Dagnew","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health Sciences, Public Health Department, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health Sciences, Public Health Department, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072128992"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387152899"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8477493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10833","display_name":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","score":0.8374000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10833","display_name":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","score":0.8374000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14126","display_name":"Intramuscular injections and effects","score":0.04580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12878","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-handling","display_name":"vaccine handling","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-storage","display_name":"vaccine storage","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-monitoring","display_name":"temperature monitoring","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunization-service-quality","display_name":"immunization service quality","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-potency","display_name":"vaccine potency","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gambella-region","display_name":"Gambella","score":0.6819999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.7842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7835000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909654208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization program","level":4,"score":0.45489999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.43950000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46355384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726686","display_name":"Compromise","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780114722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592197","display_name":"Cold chain","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780441014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907952","display_name":"Vaccine efficacy","level":3,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57992300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2066956","display_name":"Potency","level":3,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910093947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1644301","display_name":"Routine immunization","level":4,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779934362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7907939","display_name":"Vaccine-preventable diseases","level":4,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987006973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17319650","display_name":"Data entry","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77349-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77349-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-77349-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223810348.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223810348.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2467408606","https://openalex.org/W2177217322","https://openalex.org/W4408970890","https://openalex.org/W3215124424","https://openalex.org/W2398702970","https://openalex.org/W2985365590","https://openalex.org/W4385323065","https://openalex.org/W4224266477","https://openalex.org/W2001018234","https://openalex.org/W4415044691"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Failure":[0],"to":[1,4,34,192,202],"adhere":[2],"strictly":[3],"recommended":[5,201],"specifications":[6],"for":[7],"vaccine":[8,16,36,91,108,115,137,151,159,188,193,204],"handling":[9,37,92,109,116,138,160,177,194,205],"and":[10,23,39,68,79,105,185,197],"storage":[11],"can":[12],"result":[13],"in":[14,44,56,96,179],"reduced":[15],"potency":[17],"at":[18],"the":[19,25,45,180],"time":[20],"of":[21,28,98,107,126,135,157],"administration":[22],"compromise":[24,187],"overall":[26],"quality":[27],"immunization":[29,42,63,99,147],"services.":[30],"This":[31],"study":[32,53],"aimed":[33],"assess":[35],"practices":[38,93,117,139,161,178],"determinants":[40],"among":[41],"centers":[43,64,100,148,164],"Gambella":[46,181],"Region,":[47],"Southwest":[48],"Ethiopia.":[49],"An":[50],"institution-based":[51],"cross-sectional":[52],"was":[54,130],"conducted":[55],"2022.":[57],"Data":[58],"were":[59,73,86,94,111,183],"collected":[60],"from":[61],"92":[62],"using":[65,75],"validated":[66],"questionnaires":[67],"on-site":[69],"observations.":[70],"Statistical":[71],"analyses":[72],"performed":[74],"SPSS":[76],"version":[77],"20,":[78],"variables":[80],"with":[81,114,132,149,163],"a":[82],"p-value":[83],"<":[84],"0.05":[85],"considered":[87],"statistically":[88],"significant.":[89],"Proper":[90],"observed":[95],"45.7%":[97],"(95%":[101],"CI:":[102,122,144,174],"37.0%\u201357.2%).":[103],"Awareness":[104],"use":[106],"guidelines":[110],"significantly":[112],"associated":[113,131],"(AOR":[118,140,170],"=":[119,141,171],"6.82,":[120],"95%":[121,143,173],"1.99\u201323.35).":[123],"Regular":[124],"maintenance":[125],"temperature":[127],"monitoring":[128,198],"charts":[129],"lower":[133],"odds":[134,156],"improper":[136,158],"0.11,":[142],"0.03\u20130.36).":[145],"Similarly,":[146],"incomplete":[150],"stock":[152,168],"records":[153,169],"had":[154],"higher":[155],"compared":[162],"that":[165],"maintained":[166],"complete":[167],"0.19,":[172],"0.05\u20130.74).":[175],"Vaccine":[176],"Region":[182],"suboptimal":[184],"may":[186],"effectiveness.":[189],"Strengthening":[190],"adherence":[191],"guidelines,":[195],"training,":[196],"systems":[199],"is":[200],"improve":[203],"practices.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}
