{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223803467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su182110897","title":"Ecological Status Index and Sustainability-Oriented Regional Assessment of Redbed Ecosystems in China","display_name":"Ecological Status Index and Sustainability-Oriented Regional Assessment of Redbed Ecosystems in China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223803467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su182110897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su182110897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su182110897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su182110897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su182110897","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137034461","display_name":"Zhibin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2540-0055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2540-0055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhibin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2540-0055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039068581","display_name":"Zhen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-8754","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-8754"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangdong University of Technology, Waihuan West Road, Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China","School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-8754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangdong University of Technology, Waihuan West Road, Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159964625","display_name":"Cuiying Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cuiying Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangdong University of Technology, Waihuan West Road, Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China","School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Waihuan West Road, Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Disaster Prevention and Reduction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangdong University of Technology, Waihuan West Road, Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Waihuan West Road, Guangzhou University Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039068581","https://openalex.org/A5159964625"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713","https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81141982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"21","first_page":"10897","last_page":"10897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14391","display_name":"Forest, Soil, and Plant Ecology in China","score":0.3215000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14391","display_name":"Forest, Soil, and Plant Ecology in China","score":0.3215000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13909","display_name":"Environmental Quality and Pollution","score":0.31200000643730164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13058","display_name":"Soil and Land Suitability Analysis","score":0.1687999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water-holding-capacity","display_name":"soil water holding capacity","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-carbon","display_name":"soil organic carbon","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-clay-content","display_name":"soil clay content","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation-limitation","display_name":"precipitation limitation","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-land-management","display_name":"sustainable land management","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-restoration","display_name":"ecological restoration","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-and-water-conservation","display_name":"soil and water conservation","score":0.6349999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.6693000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6243000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.5541999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39464130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554898","display_name":"Soil carbon","level":3,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164270790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773097","display_name":"Aridity index","level":3,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.3504999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182124840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154759","display_name":"Soil organic matter","level":3,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71864017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889561","display_name":"Soil map","level":3,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780408538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3615217","display_name":"Ancillary data","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65680412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3718755","display_name":"Terrestrial ecosystem","level":3,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180478619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574066","display_name":"Spatial heterogeneity","level":2,"score":0.27160000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994341026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18648871","display_name":"Vegetation types","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78437154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2428433","display_name":"Restoration ecology","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152494472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386963","display_name":"Soil classification","level":3,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su182110897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su182110897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su182110897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su182110897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su182110897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su182110897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2950411671","https://openalex.org/W2985918020","https://openalex.org/W2991848483","https://openalex.org/W3033287990","https://openalex.org/W3080114803","https://openalex.org/W3126516638","https://openalex.org/W3130461578","https://openalex.org/W3215258957","https://openalex.org/W4223648340","https://openalex.org/W4286299948","https://openalex.org/W4298004554","https://openalex.org/W4307901897","https://openalex.org/W4308559967","https://openalex.org/W4310344191","https://openalex.org/W4365146501","https://openalex.org/W4379053711","https://openalex.org/W4381849508","https://openalex.org/W4382058690","https://openalex.org/W4390770905","https://openalex.org/W4392049522","https://openalex.org/W4401520135","https://openalex.org/W4402687401","https://openalex.org/W4405080607","https://openalex.org/W4405438981","https://openalex.org/W4407359468","https://openalex.org/W4409486966","https://openalex.org/W4413480440","https://openalex.org/W7154392351","https://openalex.org/W7162447889","https://openalex.org/W7201868332"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7162447889","https://openalex.org/W4401520135","https://openalex.org/W2801529223","https://openalex.org/W2356437827","https://openalex.org/W2085984822","https://openalex.org/W4402862949","https://openalex.org/W4407422639","https://openalex.org/W1521903943","https://openalex.org/W2372161705","https://openalex.org/W4365146501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Redbed":[0],"ecosystems":[1],"are":[2,9],"characterized":[3],"by":[4,48],"strong":[5],"spatial":[6],"heterogeneity":[7],"and":[8,16,54,56,76,121,130,138,148,166,174,182,198,224,227],"vulnerable":[10],"to":[11,81,109,157],"water":[12,225],"limitation,":[13],"soil":[14,90,98,103,111,223],"erosion,":[15],"land-use":[17],"disturbance,":[18],"creating":[19],"challenges":[20],"for":[21,146,219],"sustainable":[22,220],"ecosystem":[23,196],"management":[24],"across":[25],"China.":[26],"A":[27],"single":[28],"ecological":[29,84,207,229],"indicator":[30],"cannot":[31],"adequately":[32],"represent":[33],"the":[34,69,141,160,167,193,213],"multidimensional":[35],"conditions":[36],"of":[37],"redbed":[38,232],"regions.":[39,233],"This":[40],"study":[41],"developed":[42],"a":[43,217],"sustainability-oriented":[44],"regional":[45,83,188],"assessment":[46,189],"framework":[47,215],"integrating":[49],"lithology,":[50],"geomorphology,":[51],"climate,":[52],"soil,":[53],"vegetation":[55,73,77],"constructing":[57],"an":[58,94],"Ecological":[59],"Status":[60],"Index":[61],"(ESI)":[62],"using":[63],"entropy-weighted":[64],"linear":[65],"aggregation.":[66],"Soil":[67],"properties,":[68],"kernel":[70],"normalized":[71],"difference":[72],"index":[74],"(KNDVI),":[75],"types":[78],"were":[79,133],"analyzed":[80],"characterize":[82],"differentiation.":[85],"The":[86,187],"results":[87],"show":[88],"that":[89],"clay":[91],"content":[92],"is":[93],"important":[95],"factor":[96],"regulating":[97],"water-holding":[99],"capacity,":[100],"whereas":[101,179],"greater":[102],"thickness":[104],"does":[105],"not":[106],"necessarily":[107],"correspond":[108],"higher":[110],"organic":[112],"carbon":[113],"content.":[114],"KNDVI":[115,137],"remained":[116],"relatively":[117],"high":[118],"in":[119,126,163,169,231],"ferrallitic":[120],"leached":[122],"soils,":[123],"while":[124],"values":[125,153],"arid,":[127],"desert,":[128],"saline\u2013alkali,":[129],"alpine":[131,200],"soils":[132],"generally":[134],"below":[135],"0.1.":[136],"precipitation":[139],"received":[140],"largest":[142],"individual":[143],"weights,":[144],"accounting":[145],"19.10%":[147],"17.55%,":[149],"respectively.":[150],"Regional":[151],"ESI":[152],"ranged":[154],"from":[155,202],"0.1589":[156],"0.8164,":[158],"with":[159,209],"highest":[161],"value":[162],"Region":[164,170],"11":[165],"lowest":[168],"2.":[171],"Regions":[172,180],"10-2":[173],"9-2":[175],"also":[176],"ranked":[177],"highly,":[178],"1":[181],"3":[183],"exhibited":[184],"low":[185],"values.":[186],"revealed":[190],"variation":[191],"within":[192],"four":[194],"broad":[195],"classes":[197],"distinguished":[199],"constraints":[201],"arid":[203],"limitations.":[204],"By":[205],"linking":[206],"regionalization":[208],"quantitative":[210],"status":[211],"assessment,":[212],"proposed":[214],"provides":[216],"basis":[218],"land":[221],"management,":[222],"conservation,":[226],"site-specific":[228],"restoration":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}