{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223799016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087","title":"Climate change impacts on the predicted performance of optimized building-integrated photovoltaics","display_name":"Climate change impacts on the predicted performance of optimized building-integrated photovoltaics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223799016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/climate/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650797","display_name":"PLOS Climate","issn_l":"2767-3200","issn":["2767-3200"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Climate","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.plos.org/climate/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087&type=printable","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104852117","display_name":"Elyas Hannoufa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7836-8001","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7836-8001"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elyas Hannoufa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7836-8001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075233227","display_name":"Eric Johlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-6252","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-6252"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eric Johlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2463-6252","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075233227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"apc_list":{"value":2496,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2496},"apc_paid":{"value":2496,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2496},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79199684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"10","first_page":"e0001087","last_page":"e0001087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.01810000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13298","display_name":"Solar Energy Systems and Technologies","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-integrated-photovoltaics","display_name":"building-integrated photovoltaics","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-impacts","display_name":"climate change impacts","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"multi-objective optimization","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-projections","display_name":"climate change projections","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canesm5","display_name":"CanESM5","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ssp3-7-0-scenario","display_name":"SSP3-7.0 scenario","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daylighting-quality","display_name":"daylighting quality","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/building-thermal-load","display_name":"building thermal load","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-performance-of-buildings","display_name":"building energy performance","score":0.6470000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110455383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1497383","display_name":"Building-integrated photovoltaics","level":3,"score":0.7455000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.6880999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542589376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192127","display_name":"Photovoltaics","level":3,"score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196803488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4986592","display_name":"Building envelope","level":3,"score":0.560699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5605999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13384339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54316","display_name":"Daylighting","level":2,"score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509746633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898653","display_name":"Climate change mitigation","level":3,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190831278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323611","display_name":"Building design","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114990195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430548","display_name":"Effects of global warming","level":4,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/climate/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650797","display_name":"PLOS Climate","issn_l":"2767-3200","issn":["2767-3200"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Climate","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087","pdf_url":"https://journals.plos.org/climate/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pclm.0001087&type=printable","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650797","display_name":"PLOS Climate","issn_l":"2767-3200","issn":["2767-3200"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315706","host_organization_name":"Public Library of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315706"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Public Library of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PLOS Climate","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.9853000044822693,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.6773999929428101,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G832689143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223799016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223799016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045388493","https://openalex.org/W2055964932","https://openalex.org/W2193503481","https://openalex.org/W2615531467","https://openalex.org/W2922231923","https://openalex.org/W2943369680","https://openalex.org/W2955990394","https://openalex.org/W2962764966","https://openalex.org/W3022181925","https://openalex.org/W3038565300","https://openalex.org/W4285904176","https://openalex.org/W4306386009","https://openalex.org/W4306876864","https://openalex.org/W4318065157","https://openalex.org/W4384563472","https://openalex.org/W4388148551","https://openalex.org/W4389085706","https://openalex.org/W4389305034","https://openalex.org/W4392628945","https://openalex.org/W4394961930","https://openalex.org/W4400806750","https://openalex.org/W4410368868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6910417032","https://openalex.org/W4417198555","https://openalex.org/W4392628945","https://openalex.org/W2046054080","https://openalex.org/W7204952804","https://openalex.org/W3163586397","https://openalex.org/W7116888027","https://openalex.org/W7117311569","https://openalex.org/W7137934677","https://openalex.org/W4321492836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building-integrated":[0],"photovoltaics":[1],"(BIPV)":[2],"are":[3],"a":[4,43],"promising":[5],"strategy":[6],"for":[7,46,168,216,230],"enhancing":[8],"building":[9,169,221],"energy":[10,170],"performance":[11,139,208],"and":[12,73,98,108,128,145,148,224,232],"reducing":[13],"carbon":[14],"emissions.":[15],"However,":[16],"most":[17],"design":[18,188,222],"optimization":[19,49,223],"studies":[20],"rely":[21],"on":[22],"historical":[23,96],"climate":[24,38,56,100,201,218],"datasets":[25,120],"that":[26,117,199],"may":[27],"fail":[28],"to":[29,111,165,185],"capture":[30,112],"the":[31,47,59,63,153,181,191,206,214,225],"operating":[32],"conditions":[33,202],"buildings":[34],"will":[35],"experience":[36],"under":[37,62],"change.":[39],"This":[40],"study":[41],"develops":[42],"computational":[44],"framework":[45],"multi-objective":[48],"of":[50,210,228],"BIPV":[51,123,211,229],"envelope":[52],"systems":[53],"using":[54],"future":[55],"projections":[57,219],"from":[58,90],"CanESM5":[60,192],"model":[61],"SSP3-7.0":[64,193],"scenario.":[65],"We":[66],"analyze":[67],"two":[68],"system":[69],"configurations,":[70],"awning":[71],"shades":[72],"thin-film":[74],"window":[75],"coatings,":[76],"across":[77],"four":[78,136],"cities":[79,137],"with":[80,152],"diverse":[81],"climates":[82],"(Berlin,":[83],"Los":[84,129,146,158],"Angeles,":[85,147],"Chicago,":[86],"Singapore),":[87],"comparing":[88],"results":[89],"conventional":[91],"EPW":[92,119],"files,":[93],"NASA":[94],"2023":[95],"data,":[97],"2046\u20132050":[99,132],"scenarios.":[101],"Optimization":[102],"integrates":[103],"electricity":[104],"generation,":[105],"thermal":[106],"loads,":[107],"daylighting":[109],"quality":[110],"building-level":[113],"trade-offs.":[114],"Results":[115],"show":[116,198],"traditional":[118],"systematically":[121],"under-predict":[122],"performance,":[124],"particularly":[125],"in":[126,142,150,157,180,220],"Berlin":[127],"Angeles.":[130,159],"Under":[131],"projected":[133,200],"conditions,":[134],"all":[135],"exhibit":[138],"gains:":[140],"substantial":[141],"Berlin,":[143],"Chicago":[144],"marginal":[149],"Singapore,":[151],"largest":[154],"absolute":[155],"gains":[156],"By":[160],"2050,":[161],"unshaded":[162],"windows":[163],"transition":[164],"consistently":[166],"detrimental":[167],"balance.":[171],"Thin-film":[172],"coatings":[173],"achieve":[174],"optimal":[175],"outcomes":[176],"at":[177],"high":[178],"absorptance,":[179],"80\u201390%":[182],"range,":[183],"contrary":[184],"current":[186],"low-absorption":[187],"practice.":[189],"Within":[190],"scenario":[194],"examined,":[195],"these":[196],"findings":[197],"can":[203],"substantially":[204],"reshape":[205],"modeled":[207],"landscape":[209],"systems,":[212],"emphasizing":[213],"need":[215],"forward-looking":[217],"growing":[226],"importance":[227],"climate-adaptive":[231],"resilient":[233],"urban":[234],"buildings.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}