{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223791306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692844","title":"Mechanical and Statistical Verification of Flight Path Constraints and Drop Conditions in the D.B. Cooper Incident: The Physical Outcome of a Mythologized \"Perfect Crime\"","display_name":"Mechanical and Statistical Verification of Flight Path Constraints and Drop Conditions in the D.B. Cooper Incident: The Physical Outcome of a Mythologized \"Perfect Crime\"","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223791306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23692844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692844","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159274599","display_name":"Sanjuro Utsumi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sanjuro Utsumi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159274599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91062101,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14116","display_name":"Aviation History and Innovations","score":0.7235999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14116","display_name":"Aviation History and Innovations","score":0.7235999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.19179999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13954","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering and Applications","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hijacking","display_name":"hijacking","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boeing-727","display_name":"Boeing 727","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aircraft-navigation","display_name":"aircraft navigation","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crew-resource-management","display_name":"crew resource management","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-traffic-control","display_name":"air traffic control","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vietnam-veterans","display_name":"Vietnam War veterans","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"aerodynamics","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flight-dynamics","display_name":"flight dynamics","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.6711000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780179797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345844","display_name":"Crew","level":2,"score":0.6535000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779860262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650807","display_name":"Touchdown","level":2,"score":0.61080002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778091849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4959649","display_name":"Breakout","level":2,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776637919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624380","display_name":"Descent (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4449000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4205000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41376638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214932","display_name":"Flight simulator","level":2,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30322324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194156","display_name":"Cockpit","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107956385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626658","display_name":"Fly-by-wire","level":3,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776617961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329143","display_name":"Counterattack","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777041938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876695","display_name":"Indeterminism","level":3,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144918251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509379","display_name":"Aileron","level":3,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4005959","display_name":"Jump","level":2,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132577290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657919","display_name":"Flight management system","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777717826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854248","display_name":"Takeoff","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778732403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815577","display_name":"Ignorance","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779180768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302543","display_name":"Recklessness","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777096023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365316","display_name":"Shroud","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147021018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252451","display_name":"Elevator","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81155309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184590","display_name":"Runway","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206923515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5459269","display_name":"Flight dynamics","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q316498","display_name":"Cadet","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781407631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197","display_name":"Airplane","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23692844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23692845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692845","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23692844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23692844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387120620","https://openalex.org/W2261609148","https://openalex.org/W4387120568","https://openalex.org/W22664039","https://openalex.org/W2324741885","https://openalex.org/W934081696","https://openalex.org/W4387120642","https://openalex.org/W7036506247","https://openalex.org/W2249884336","https://openalex.org/W572202881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,290],"paper":[1,339],"provides":[2],"a":[3,30,38,43,111,119,153,182,210,223,302,312,344,404],"deterministic":[4],"flight":[5,55,107,250],"engineering,":[6],"aerodynamic,":[7],"and":[8,60,88,95,131,149,227,333,369,410],"biographical":[9],"profile":[10],"analysis":[11,166],"of":[12,19,76,92,106,113,167,301,311,323,329,379,407],"the":[13,32,70,74,77,79,83,168,175,178,230,244,278,283,294,297,308,318,324,327,334,341,375,388,392,397,401],"legendary":[14],"1971":[15,319],"\"D.B.":[16],"Cooper\"":[17],"hijacking":[18],"Northwest":[20],"Orient":[21],"Airlines":[22],"Flight":[23,160],"305":[24],"(Boeing":[25],"727-100).":[26],"For":[27],"over":[28,217],"half":[29],"century,":[31],"case":[33],"has":[34],"been":[35],"mythologized":[36],"as":[37,191,343],"\"perfect":[39],"crime\"":[40],"executed":[41],"by":[42],"mastermind":[44],"who":[45,349],"vanished":[46],"into":[47,209,403],"thin":[48],"air.":[49],"By":[50,252],"cross-referencing":[51],"aeronautical":[52],"operational":[53],"parameters,":[54],"dynamics,":[56],"thermodynamic":[57],"jumping":[58,208],"conditions,":[59],"historical":[61],"crew":[62],"resource":[63],"management":[64],"(CRM)":[65],"frameworks,":[66],"this":[67,241],"study":[68,242,389],"resolves":[69],"fundamental":[71],"paradox":[72],"at":[73,140,385],"heart":[75],"investigation:":[78],"extreme":[80],"asymmetry":[81],"between":[82],"perpetrator's":[84,245],"hyper-specialized":[85],"systems":[86],"knowledge":[87,148],"his":[89,204],"lethal":[90],"ignorance":[91],"parachuting":[93],"procedures":[94],"navigation":[96,367],"control.":[97],"The":[98],"hijack":[99],"demands":[100],"demonstrated":[101],"an":[102,196],"extraordinarily":[103],"high":[104],"level":[105],"control":[108,275],"expertise\u2014specifically":[109],"requiring":[110],"speed":[112],"150":[114],"knots":[115],"(near":[116],"stall":[117],"limit),":[118],"15-degree":[120],"flap":[121],"angle,":[122],"lowered":[123],"landing":[124],"gear":[125],"for":[126,264],"intentional":[127],"aerodynamic":[128,411],"drag":[129],"generation,":[130],"unpressurized":[132],"cabin":[133],"settings":[134],"to":[135,152,186,203,248],"allow":[136],"ventral":[137,362],"airstair":[138],"deployment":[139],"10,000":[141],"feet.":[142],"These":[143],"parameters":[144],"exceed":[145],"public":[146],"domain":[147],"point":[150],"directly":[151],"professional":[154],"aviator":[155],"familiar":[156],"with":[157,207],"Boeing":[158],"727":[159],"Operations":[161],"Manuals":[162],"(FOM).":[163],"However,":[164],"forensic":[165],"on-board":[169],"evidence":[170],"exposes":[171],"critical":[172],"amateurism":[173],"during":[174],"jump":[176],"phase:":[177],"perpetrator":[179,231,295,342,393],"cut":[180],"open":[181],"functional":[183],"reserve":[184,201],"parachute":[185,202],"use":[187],"its":[188],"shroud":[189],"lines":[190],"cargo":[192],"cordage,":[193],"while":[194],"strapping":[195],"inoperable,":[197],"sewn-shut":[198],"instruction":[199],"dummy":[200],"chest.":[205],"Combined":[206],"sub-zero":[211],"(-20\u00b0C":[212],"wind":[213],"chill)":[214],"night":[215],"blizzard":[216],"dense":[218],"coniferous":[219],"wilderness":[220],"wearing":[221],"only":[222,254],"suit,":[224],"trench":[225],"coat,":[226],"dress":[228],"shoes,":[229],"lacked":[232,365],"basic":[233],"military":[234,330,354,370],"paratrooper":[235],"training":[236],"or":[237,272],"survival":[238],"planning.":[239],"Furthermore,":[240],"evaluates":[243],"complete":[246],"failure":[247],"manage":[249],"navigation.":[251],"specifying":[253],"vague":[255],"directional":[256],"requests":[257],"(\"fly":[258],"south":[259],"toward":[260],"Mexico\")":[261],"without":[262],"accounting":[263],"airways,":[265],"fuel":[266],"consumption":[267],"rates":[268],"under":[269,287],"high-drag":[270],"configurations,":[271],"air":[273],"traffic":[274],"(ATC)":[276],"vectoring,":[277],"aircraft":[279],"was":[280],"routed":[281],"along":[282],"standard":[284],"V15":[285],"airway":[286],"radar":[288],"surveillance.":[289],"structural":[291],"gap":[292],"proves":[293],"possessed":[296],"practical":[298],"manipulation":[299],"skills":[300],"First":[303],"Officer":[304],"(copilot)":[305],"rather":[306],"than":[307],"macro-navigation":[309],"authority":[310],"Captain.":[313],"Contextualizing":[314],"these":[315],"findings":[316],"within":[317],"socio-economic":[320],"background\u2014the":[321],"drawdown":[322],"Vietnam":[325],"War,":[326],"discharge":[328],"transport":[331],"pilots,":[332],"stagflation":[335],"in":[336,351,381],"civil":[337],"aviation\u2014this":[338],"profiles":[340],"~35-year-old":[345],"former":[346],"commercial":[347],"copilot":[348],"served":[350],"Southeast":[352],"Asian":[353],"charter":[355],"operations":[356],"(e.g.,":[357],"air-dropping":[358],"supplies":[359],"via":[360],"B727/C-130":[361],"stairs),":[363],"but":[364],"captain-level":[366],"credentials":[368],"airborne":[371],"training.":[372],"Finally,":[373],"incorporating":[374],"1980":[376],"physical":[377,405],"recovery":[378],"$5,800":[380],"uncirculated":[382],"ransom":[383],"bills":[384],"Tina":[386],"Bar,":[387],"concludes":[390],"that":[391],"did":[394],"not":[395],"survive":[396],"10,000-foot":[398],"jump,":[399],"deconstructing":[400],"myth":[402],"outcome":[406],"fatal":[408],"overconfidence":[409],"limits.":[412]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-28T00:00:00"}
