{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223701717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641","title":"SALGINTR: Digital Participatory ILI Surveillance System Among Physicians in T\u00fcrkiye-Proof of Concept","display_name":"SALGINTR: Digital Participatory ILI Surveillance System Among Physicians in T\u00fcrkiye-Proof of Concept","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223701717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1641/72466017/ckag169.1641.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1641/72466017/ckag169.1641.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159689541","display_name":"E \u00d6nta\u015f","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149218525","display_name":"Ankara University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wntqw50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E \u00d6nta\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Informatics, Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Informatics , Ankara,","Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Informatics, Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Informatics , Ankara,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159630634","display_name":"H Guclu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13236232","display_name":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ewx7v96","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Guclu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology , Ankara,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology , Ankara,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159631388","display_name":"Y Aydin Son","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y Aydin Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health Informatics, Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Informatics , Ankara,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health Informatics, Middle East Technical University Graduate School of Informatics , Ankara,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159689541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149218525","https://openalex.org/I201799495"],"apc_list":{"value":2815,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3181},"apc_paid":{"value":2815,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3181},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8198282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"Supplement_5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11943","display_name":"Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza-like-illness","display_name":"influenza-like illness","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/participatory-surveillance","display_name":"participatory surveillance","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentinel-surveillance","display_name":"sentinel surveillance","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza-surveillance","display_name":"influenza surveillance","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-surveillance","display_name":"low-cost surveillance","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-disease-surveillance","display_name":"respiratory disease surveillance","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkey","display_name":"Turkey","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bland-altman-limits-of-agreement","display_name":"Bland-Altman agreement","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160798450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4230870","display_name":"Concordance","level":2,"score":0.6481999754905701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6388999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106399304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868123","display_name":"Snowball sampling","level":2,"score":0.588100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88879693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative incidence","level":3,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776480101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3555250","display_name":"Disease surveillance","level":3,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62558387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821775","display_name":"Epidemiological surveillance","level":3,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776361769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q821775","display_name":"Public health surveillance","level":3,"score":0.3285999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993183539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754447","display_name":"Respiratory infection","level":3,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1641/72466017/ckag169.1641.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13699753","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13699753/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13699753/pdf/ckag169.1641.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eur J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1641","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1641/72466017/ckag169.1641.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223701717.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223701717.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172110885","https://openalex.org/W7213488550","https://openalex.org/W3201122600","https://openalex.org/W2572151106","https://openalex.org/W2809677895","https://openalex.org/W2949432630","https://openalex.org/W2549072498","https://openalex.org/W3113188165","https://openalex.org/W2067059732","https://openalex.org/W4387770229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Participatory":[2],"surveillance":[3,30,100,155,223,233,241,250,261,270],"complements":[4],"sentinel":[5,99,154,232,269,285],"influenza":[6],"monitoring":[7],"in":[8,199,251,291,306],"high-income":[9],"settings,":[10],"yet":[11],"no":[12,182,210,280],"platform":[13],"has":[14],"targeted":[15],"physicians":[16],"as":[17,93,242,288],"both":[18],"participants":[19],"and":[20,75,105,109],"clinical":[21],"sentinels.":[22],"We":[23],"established":[24,231],"SALGINTR,":[25],"a":[26,81,219,243],"digital,":[27],"physician-driven":[28,220,258],"participatory":[29,222,240,260],"system":[31,224,262],"for":[32,41],"influenza-like":[33],"illness":[34],"(ILI),":[35],"built":[36],"from":[37,143],"free":[38],"cloud":[39],"tools":[40],"\u223cUS":[42],"$100.":[43],"Methods":[44],"Physicians":[45],"across":[46],"T\u00fcrkiye":[47],"were":[48,78],"recruited":[49],"via":[50],"snowball":[51],"sampling":[52],"to":[53,88,193],"submit":[54],"weekly":[55],"ILI":[56,70,135,227,265],"self-reports":[57],"online":[58],"(https://www.salgin.com.tr)":[59],"during":[60],"epidemiological":[61],"weeks":[62,86],"40\u201352":[63],"of":[64,246],"the":[65,89,203],"2025\u201326":[66],"season.":[67],"The":[68],"ECDC":[69],"case":[71],"definition":[72],"was":[73,101,137],"applied,":[74],"independent":[76,141],"episodes":[77,142],"ascertained":[79],"by":[80],"clinical-episode":[82],"rule":[83],"(consecutive":[84],"symptomatic":[85,145],"attributed":[87],"same":[90],"agent":[91],"counted":[92],"one).":[94],"Concordance":[95],"with":[96,139,153,230,268],"national":[97],"ERVISS":[98],"assessed":[102],"using":[103],"Pearson":[104,159],"Spearman":[106,173],"correlations,":[107],"cross-correlation,":[108],"Bland\u2013Altman":[110,180],"agreement.":[111],"Detection":[112],"used":[113],"seven":[114],"aberration":[115],"algorithms":[116],"(EARS":[117],"C1\u2013C3,":[118],"CUSUM,":[119],"EWMA,":[120],"Farrington,":[121],"Percentile).":[122],"Results":[123],"Of":[124],"243":[125],"registered":[126],"physicians,":[127],"197":[128],"(analytical":[129],"cohort)":[130],"contributed":[131],"1,484":[132],"respondent-weeks.":[133],"Cumulative":[134],"incidence":[136],"50.8%,":[138],"156":[140],"190":[144],"person-weeks.":[146],"Weekly":[147],"viral-systemic":[148],"positivity":[149],"showed":[150,209,279],"dynamics":[151],"concordant":[152,229,267],"after":[156],"smoothing":[157],"(raw":[158],"r":[160,167],"=":[161,164,168,171,175,178],"0.492,":[162],"p":[163,170,177],"0.088;":[165],"3W-MA":[166],"0.736,":[169],"0.010;":[172],"\u03c1":[174],"0.809,":[176],"0.003).":[179],"indicated":[181],"significant":[183],"systematic":[184],"bias":[185],"(mean":[186],"difference":[187],"+4.6":[188],"pp;":[189],"95%":[190],"LoA":[191],"\u221218.3":[192],"+":[194],"27.4).":[195],"Both":[196],"systems":[197],"peaked":[198],"multi-algorithm":[200],"consensus":[201],"at":[202,234,271],"epidemic":[204,304],"peak":[205],"(W52);":[206],"first-alarm":[207],"timing":[208,278],"consistent":[211],"lead":[212,281],"(\u22480":[213],"weeks).":[214],"Conclusions":[215],"SALGINTR":[216,289],"shows":[217],"that":[218],"digital":[221,259],"can":[225,263],"generate":[226,264],"signals":[228,266],"minimal":[235],"cost.":[236,275],"This":[237],"proof-of-concept":[238],"supports":[239],"complementary":[244],"component":[245],"mosaic":[247],"respiratory":[248],"disease":[249],"middle-income":[252],"settings.":[253],"Key":[254],"messages":[255],"\u2022":[256,276],"A":[257],"under":[272],"$100":[273],"infrastructure":[274],"Signal":[277],"or":[282],"lag":[283,297],"versus":[284],"surveillance;":[286],"but":[287],"reports":[290],"real":[292],"time":[293],"while":[294],"official":[295],"data":[296],"2\u20134":[298],"weeks,":[299],"it":[300],"operationally":[301],"delivers":[302],"earlier":[303],"warning":[305],"practice":[307]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}