{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223699565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026","title":"Possibilistic Hypothesis Testing: A Specificity\u2013Entailment Framework for Confidence Bounds on Natural Possibility Distributions","display_name":"Possibilistic Hypothesis Testing: A Specificity\u2013Entailment Framework for Confidence Bounds on Natural Possibility Distributions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223699565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026","pdf_url":"https://www.ijam.latticescipub.com/wp-content/uploads/papers/v6i2/B125206021026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234302","display_name":"Indian Journal of Advanced Mathematics","issn_l":"2582-8932","issn":["2582-8932"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Advanced Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.ijam.latticescipub.com/wp-content/uploads/papers/v6i2/B125206021026.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037787547","display_name":"Jayesh Vijay Rao Karanjgaonkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3894-366X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3894-366X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jayesh V. Karanjgaonkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Swami Atmanand Govt. Eng. Med. Model College, Atari, Raipur (Chhattisgarh), India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3894-366X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Swami Atmanand Govt. Eng. Med. Model College, Atari, Raipur (Chhattisgarh), India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037787547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86889559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"19","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.5371000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12135","display_name":"Fuzzy Systems and Optimization","score":0.5371000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.15880000591278076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.09910000115633011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/possibility-distributions","display_name":"possibility distributions","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypothesis-testing","display_name":"hypothesis testing","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specificity","display_name":"specificity","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-consequence","display_name":"logical consequence","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-intervals","display_name":"confidence intervals","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-cuts","display_name":"alpha-cuts","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-characteristics","display_name":"operating characteristics","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permutation-tests","display_name":"permutation tests","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrap-critical-values","display_name":"bootstrap critical values","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-method","display_name":"delta method","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-simulation","display_name":"coverage simulation","score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"null hypothesis testing","score":0.5490000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6413000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6244000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.552299976348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5372999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49720001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4453999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.44290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160087","display_name":"Confidence distribution","level":3,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777299769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707858","display_name":"Type (biology)","level":2,"score":0.387800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36570000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98385598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339385","display_name":"Empirical distribution function","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121117317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4439221","display_name":"Credible interval","level":3,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40696583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989120","display_name":"Type I and type II errors","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141042865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200125","display_name":"Expected value","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55350006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237193","display_name":"Exponential distribution","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55974624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188504","display_name":"Exponential family","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026","pdf_url":"https://www.ijam.latticescipub.com/wp-content/uploads/papers/v6i2/B125206021026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234302","display_name":"Indian Journal of Advanced Mathematics","issn_l":"2582-8932","issn":["2582-8932"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Advanced Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54105/ijam.b1252.06021026","pdf_url":"https://www.ijam.latticescipub.com/wp-content/uploads/papers/v6i2/B125206021026.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234302","display_name":"Indian Journal of Advanced Mathematics","issn_l":"2582-8932","issn":["2582-8932"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indian Journal of Advanced Mathematics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223699565.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223699565.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314800511","https://openalex.org/W3169357296","https://openalex.org/W4213432749","https://openalex.org/W4223579526","https://openalex.org/W4415653444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W594595158","https://openalex.org/W1996383770","https://openalex.org/W2618712475","https://openalex.org/W3003543470","https://openalex.org/W2965125090","https://openalex.org/W2478925576","https://openalex.org/W1135784126","https://openalex.org/W2187566139","https://openalex.org/W2311444986","https://openalex.org/W596981824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Specificity":[0],"and":[1,95,107,113,120,129,189,194,234,255,273,277,300,318,340],"entailment":[2,118],"are":[3],"the":[4,47,53,92,117,121,133,147,169,178,302],"two":[5,220],"governing":[6],"principles":[7],"of":[8,85,99,124,146,177,186],"possibility":[9,60,94,148,271,322],"theory,":[10],"yet":[11],"no":[12,63],"existing":[13],"formulation":[14],"\u2013":[15,150,225,244,291],"including":[16],"our":[17,296],"own":[18,297],"frequency-based":[19],"specificity":[20,122,157],"measure.":[21],"sp(x)\u2013":[22],"translates":[23],"them":[24],"into":[25,42],"a":[26,30,37,43,56,59,82,137,151,159,174,195,201,210,240,246,283,292,324,333],"procedure":[27,304,328],"for":[28,205,232,239,329],"testing":[29],"candidate":[31],"value":[32],"against":[33,251],"observed":[34],"data":[35,343],"with":[36,184,209,321],"controlled":[38],"error":[39,110],"rate,":[40],"or":[41],"confidence":[44,138],"interval":[45,139],"in":[46],"statistical":[48,161],"sense.":[49],"This":[50],"gap":[51,79],"motivates":[52],"present":[54],"study:":[55],"decision-maker":[57],"using":[58],"distribution":[61,149,238],"has":[62],"principled":[64],"way":[65],"to":[66,192],"state":[67],"how":[68,331,341],"confident":[69],"that":[70,131,141,153,199,263,275,294,347],"distributions":[71,323,334],"dominant":[72,335],"category":[73,336],"actually":[74],"is.":[75],"We":[76,103,166],"close":[77],"this":[78],"by":[80],"formulating":[81],"possibilistic":[83,175],"analogue":[84,176],"classical":[86,156,252],"null-hypothesis":[87],"testing,":[88],"built":[89],"entirely":[90],"from":[91],"natural":[93,96],"probability":[97],"measures":[98],"an":[100,125,144,235,256],"explanatory":[101],"database.":[102],"define":[104],"Type":[105,108],"I":[106],"II":[109],"functions":[111],"a(pi)":[112],"beeta(pi)":[114],"as,":[115],"respectively,":[116],"risk":[119,123],"alpha-cut":[126,145],"acceptance":[127],"region,":[128],"prove":[130],"inverting":[132],"resulting":[134],"test":[135,198],"yields":[136],"cI1-alpha":[140],"is":[142,217,311,344,349],"exactly":[143],"result":[152],"gives":[154],"Yagers":[155],"integral":[158],"genuine":[160],"interpretation":[162],"it":[163],"previously":[164,202],"lacked.":[165],"further":[167],"introduce":[168],"Specificity\u2013Entailment":[170],"Operating":[171,180],"Characteristic":[172,181],"(SEOC),":[173],"Receiver":[179],"(ROC)":[182],"curve,":[183],"proofs":[185],"its":[187,190],"monotonicity":[188],"relationship":[191],"specificity,":[193],"two-sample":[196],"permutation":[197],"replaces":[200],"heuristic":[203],"criterion":[204],"merging":[206],"database-held":[207],"observations":[208],"thinly":[211],"sampled":[212],"observation":[213],"set.":[214],"The":[215,259],"framework":[216],"validated":[218],"on":[219],"independently":[221],"sourced":[222],"real":[223],"datasets":[224],"India":[226],"Meteorological":[227],"Department":[228],"district":[229],"rainfall-category":[230],"counts":[231],"Chhattisgarh,":[233],"institutional":[236],"grade":[237],"university":[241],"literature":[242],"course":[243],"through":[245],"2000-resample":[247],"coverage":[248,260,268],"simulation,":[249],"comparison":[250],"Wilson-score":[253],"intervals,":[254],"augmentation-test":[257],"experiment.":[258],"simulation":[261],"shows":[262],"CI1-alpha":[264],"attains":[265],"conservative,":[266],"over-nominal":[267],"under":[269],"discrete":[270],"distributions,":[272],"reveals":[274],"bootstrap":[276,303],"delta-method":[278],"critical":[279],"values":[280],"diverge":[281],"once":[282],"single":[284],"categorys":[285],"share":[286],"exceeds":[287],"roughly":[288],"one":[289],"half":[290],"finding":[293],"revises":[295],"initial":[298],"expectation":[299],"indicates":[301],"should":[305],"be":[306,338],"preferred":[307],"whenever":[308],"modal":[309],"dominance":[310],"strong.":[312],"Together,":[313],"these":[314],"results":[315],"give":[316],"researchers":[317],"practitioners":[319],"working":[320],"tested,":[325],"statistically":[326],"grounded":[327],"deciding":[330],"much":[332,342],"can":[337],"trusted,":[339],"required":[345],"before":[346],"decision":[348],"reliable.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}
