{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223698484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","title":"Nationwide study of blood eosinophils in COPD: impact of exacerbations and corticosteroids","display_name":"Nationwide study of blood eosinophils in COPD: impact of exacerbations and corticosteroids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223698484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42933817","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13711530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","pdf_url":"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/13/1/e004269.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736820664","display_name":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research","issn_l":"2052-4439","issn":["2052-4439"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/13/1/e004269.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031836369","display_name":"Morten Hornemann Borg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-2623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-2623","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-444X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091196","display_name":"Vejle Sygehus","ror":"https://ror.org/00e8ar137","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091196","https://openalex.org/I4210142184"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142184","display_name":"Lillebaelt Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04jewc589","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142184"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Morten Borg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark","Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-2623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091196","https://openalex.org/I4210142184"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046119332","display_name":"Ole Hilberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3075-3463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3075-3463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091196","display_name":"Vejle Sygehus","ror":"https://ror.org/00e8ar137","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091196","https://openalex.org/I4210142184"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142184","display_name":"Lillebaelt Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04jewc589","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142184"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ole Hilberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark","Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091196","https://openalex.org/I4210142184"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087489056","display_name":"Rikke Ibsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-429X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9008-429X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rikke Ibsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["i2Minds, Aarhus C, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"i2Minds, Aarhus C, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020135918","display_name":"Anders L\u00f8kke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4141"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091196","display_name":"Vejle Sygehus","ror":"https://ror.org/00e8ar137","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091196","https://openalex.org/I4210142184"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142184","display_name":"Lillebaelt Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04jewc589","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142184"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders L\u00f8kke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark","Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091196","https://openalex.org/I4210142184"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031836369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490","https://openalex.org/I4210091196","https://openalex.org/I4210142184"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2085},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":2085},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8352641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"e004269","last_page":"e004269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10665","display_name":"Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-eosinophils","display_name":"blood eosinophils","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenotypic-stability","display_name":"phenotypic stability","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-exacerbation-of-copd","display_name":"COPD exacerbations","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-corticosteroids","display_name":"oral corticosteroids","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotics","display_name":"antibiotics","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhaled-corticosteroids","display_name":"inhaled corticosteroids","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triple-therapy","display_name":"triple therapy","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-inflammation","display_name":"type 2 inflammation","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-therapy","display_name":"biologic therapy","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9387000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777037409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107238","display_name":"Eosinophil","level":3,"score":0.781499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776804153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210420","display_name":"Corticosteroid","level":2,"score":0.5641999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777129736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505142","display_name":"Eosinophilia","level":2,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q927234","display_name":"Bronchodilator","level":3,"score":0.39070001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776042228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869","display_name":"Asthma","level":2,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780261241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394363","display_name":"Inhaler","level":3,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780911369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753853","display_name":"Lama","level":3,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780333948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653305","display_name":"Spirometry","level":3,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777014857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383410","display_name":"Exacerbation","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778720950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424972","display_name":"Prednisone","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198451711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327657","display_name":"Rheumatology","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88675164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22677314","display_name":"Eosinophil cationic protein","level":4,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","pdf_url":"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/13/1/e004269.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736820664","display_name":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research","issn_l":"2052-4439","issn":["2052-4439"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13711530","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13711530/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13711530/pdf/bmjresp-13-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open Respir Res","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42933817","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42933817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ open respiratory research","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4c2998ebe4b04824a9c1f3951eab5610","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4c2998ebe4b04824a9c1f3951eab5610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research, Vol 13, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2026-004269","pdf_url":"https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/13/1/e004269.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736820664","display_name":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research","issn_l":"2052-4439","issn":["2052-4439"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319945","host_organization_name":"BMJ","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BMJ"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307781","display_name":"Sanofi","ror":"https://ror.org/027vj4x92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223698484.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223698484.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1760281680","https://openalex.org/W1978186176","https://openalex.org/W2002726093","https://openalex.org/W2102420102","https://openalex.org/W2102924526","https://openalex.org/W2121656227","https://openalex.org/W2192441381","https://openalex.org/W2541013163","https://openalex.org/W2594716548","https://openalex.org/W2607275024","https://openalex.org/W2613974366","https://openalex.org/W2625657664","https://openalex.org/W2800157982","https://openalex.org/W2942740520","https://openalex.org/W2945303132","https://openalex.org/W2966361635","https://openalex.org/W2998646242","https://openalex.org/W2998814068","https://openalex.org/W3015382153","https://openalex.org/W3025861706","https://openalex.org/W3081612781","https://openalex.org/W3189562895","https://openalex.org/W4200009045","https://openalex.org/W4283363538","https://openalex.org/W4285392874","https://openalex.org/W4313334312","https://openalex.org/W4377164038","https://openalex.org/W4381612348","https://openalex.org/W4384925410","https://openalex.org/W4392799393","https://openalex.org/W4406388778","https://openalex.org/W4410274564","https://openalex.org/W4410543243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7161578950","https://openalex.org/W3189562895","https://openalex.org/W2906128743","https://openalex.org/W3094957594","https://openalex.org/W2621029752","https://openalex.org/W2990220220","https://openalex.org/W2990575766","https://openalex.org/W4406388778","https://openalex.org/W4394738664","https://openalex.org/W4417451469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Blood":[1,225],"eosinophils":[2,154],"are":[3,230],"increasingly":[4],"used":[5,66],"as":[6,96],"biomarkers":[7],"to":[8,61,164,172,262],"guide":[9],"inhaled":[10],"corticosteroid":[11,118],"(ICS)":[12],"and":[13,29,55,99,107,122,169,201],"biologic":[14],"therapy":[15,209],"in":[16,48,221,228],"chronic":[17],"obstructive":[18],"pulmonary":[19],"disease":[20],"(COPD).":[21],"However,":[22],"the":[23,30,41,136,222],"long-term":[24],"stability":[25,43,106,158],"of":[26,32,44,52,89,132,182,206,241,258],"eosinophil":[27,46,62,84,138,226,245],"count":[28],"impact":[31],"proximate":[33],"clinical":[34,108,242],"events":[35],"remain":[36],"uncertain.":[37],"This":[38],"study":[39],"examines":[40],"longitudinal":[42],"blood":[45],"counts":[47,227],"a":[49],"nationwide":[50],"cohort":[51],"COPD":[53,78,229],"patients":[54,76,133,190,235,259],"identifies":[56],"acute":[57],"exposures":[58],"temporally":[59],"linked":[60],"measurement":[63,178],"variability.Methods":[64],"We":[65],"routinely":[67],"collected":[68],"Danish":[69],"national":[70],"registry":[71],"data":[72],"including":[73],"63":[74],"517":[75],"with":[77,82,127,176,191,233],"aged":[79],"\u226540":[80],"years":[81,88],"\u22654":[83],"measurements":[85,143,184,246],"during":[86],"2\u20136":[87],"follow-up":[90],"(median":[91],"3.4).":[92],"Eosinophils":[93],"were":[94,125,174],"categorised":[95],"<0.15,":[97],"0.15\u20130.29":[98],"\u22650.30\u00d710\u2079/L.":[100],"Logistic":[101],"regression":[102],"assessed":[103],"associations":[104],"between":[105],"exposures,":[109],"adjusting":[110],"for":[111,250],"baseline":[112],"eosinophils,":[113],"age,":[114],"sex,":[115],"comorbidities,":[116],"oral":[117],"(OCS)":[119],"use,":[120],"antibiotics":[121,170],"exacerbations.":[123],"Transitions":[124],"visualised":[126],"Sankey":[128],"diagrams.Results":[129],"Overall,":[130],"26%":[131],"remained":[134],"within":[135],"same":[137],"category":[139,151],"across":[140],"all":[141],"repeated":[142,253],"(stable":[144],"patient":[145],"phenotype),":[146],"while":[147],"74%":[148],"experienced":[149],"\u22651":[150],"shift.":[152],"Baseline":[153],"\u22650.30\u00d710\u2079/L":[155],"predicted":[156],"phenotypic":[157],"(OR":[159],"1.70,":[160],"95%":[161],"CI":[162],"1.63":[163],"1.77).":[165],"Severe":[166],"exacerbations,":[167],"OCS":[168],"prior":[171],"testing":[173],"associated":[175],"individual":[177],"variability,":[179],"yet":[180],">80%":[181],"unstable":[183,193,223],"occurred":[185],"without":[186],"these":[187],"exposures.":[188,243],"Among":[189],"an":[192],"phenotype,":[194],"39.7%":[195],"shifted":[196],"once,":[197],"43.2%":[198],"two":[199],"times":[200],"17.1%":[202],"three":[203],"times.":[204],"Use":[205],"triple":[207],"inhaler":[208],"(long-acting":[210],"beta-agonist,":[211],"long-acting":[212],"muscarinic":[213],"antagonist,":[214],"ICS)":[215],"was":[216],"slightly":[217],"more":[218],"common":[219],"among":[220],"group.Conclusions":[224],"highly":[231],"dynamic,":[232],"most":[234,260],"shifting":[236],"categories":[237],"over":[238],"time":[239],"independent":[240],"Single":[244],"may":[247],"be":[248],"unreliable":[249],"guiding":[251],"therapy;":[252],"assessments":[254],"could":[255],"improve":[256],"identification":[257],"likely":[261],"benefit":[263],"from":[264],"type":[265],"2":[266],"inflammation-targeted":[267],"treatments.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}