{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223698009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588","title":"The role of thinking style in cancer screening: A systematic review","display_name":"The role of thinking style in cancer screening: A systematic review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223698009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1588/72465720/ckag169.1588.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1588/72465720/ckag169.1588.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159593122","display_name":"UTH Ngo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142762351","display_name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/01hxy9878","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"UTH Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Converge: Centre for Chronic Disease and Population Health, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dublin,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Converge: Centre for Chronic Disease and Population Health, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dublin,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159718408","display_name":"E Haworth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Haworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University , Newcastle Upon Tyne,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University , Newcastle Upon Tyne,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159710734","display_name":"TN Mahbubani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TN Mahbubani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Health, and Nursing Sciences, University of Galway , Dublin,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Health, and Nursing Sciences, University of Galway , Dublin,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159737750","display_name":"A McQueen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A McQueen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis , Missouri,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis , Missouri,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004949234","display_name":"Pamela Gallagher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Gallagher","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Psychology, Dublin City University , Dublin,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, Dublin City University , Dublin,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108418243","display_name":"L Sharp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Sharp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University , Newcastle Upon Tyne,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University , Newcastle Upon Tyne,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159707402","display_name":"C Von Wagner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Von Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London , London,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London , London,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159584389","display_name":"C Cahir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142762351","display_name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/01hxy9878","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Cahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dublin,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dublin,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159732759","display_name":"K Bennett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142762351","display_name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/01hxy9878","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Bennett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dublin,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Centre, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dublin,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159654570","display_name":"N Clarke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142762351","display_name":"Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/01hxy9878","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Clarke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Converge: Centre for Chronic Disease and Population Health, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dublin,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Converge: Centre for Chronic Disease and Population Health, School of Population Health, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dublin,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159593122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142762351"],"apc_list":{"value":2815,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3181},"apc_paid":{"value":2815,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3181},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80065413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"Supplement_5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.8666999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.8666999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10827","display_name":"Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.022600000724196434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thinking-styles","display_name":"thinking styles","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/need-for-cognition","display_name":"need for cognition","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faith-in-intuition","display_name":"faith in intuition","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-screening","display_name":"cancer screening","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-participation","display_name":"screening uptake","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-intention","display_name":"screening intention","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-thinking","display_name":"rational thinking","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experiential-thinking","display_name":"experiential thinking","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociodemographic-factors","display_name":"sociodemographic factors","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-deprivation","display_name":"socioeconomic deprivation","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-screening","display_name":"breast cancer screening","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer-screening","display_name":"colorectal cancer screening","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer-screening","display_name":"prostate cancer screening","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-evaluation","display_name":"information evaluation","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-decision-making","display_name":"health decision-making","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6050999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150681269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2380771","display_name":"Cognitive style","level":3,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5410500","display_name":"Faith","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79585631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431498","display_name":"Confirmation bias","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1588/72465720/ckag169.1588.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13699772","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13699772/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13699772/pdf/ckag169.1588.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eur J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1588","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1588/72465720/ckag169.1588.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.979200005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223698009.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223698009.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560469944","https://openalex.org/W7135183994","https://openalex.org/W3007660779","https://openalex.org/W2095897471","https://openalex.org/W6902036752","https://openalex.org/W2606523154","https://openalex.org/W2323211469","https://openalex.org/W4306292878","https://openalex.org/W4388735984","https://openalex.org/W3121576516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"As":[2],"the":[3,11,53,70,85,209,257],"global":[4],"cancer":[5,56,88,131,262],"burden":[6],"rises,":[7],"organised":[8],"screening":[9,57,217,235,279],"provides":[10],"opportunity":[12],"for":[13,23],"mortality":[14],"reduction.":[15],"Thinking":[16,267],"styles,":[17],"rational":[18,227,239],"thinking":[19,28,47,228,242,285],"(measured":[20,29],"by":[21,30,97],"Need":[22],"Cognition":[24],"(NFC))":[25],"and":[26,74,92,101,120,123,128,140,144,150,156,177,195,214,219,240,274,281,301],"experiential":[27,241],"Faith":[31],"in":[32,46,52,84,147,261,278,304],"Intuition":[33],"(FI)),":[34],"are":[35,302],"potential":[36],"intervention":[37],"targets.":[38],"This":[39],"systematic":[40],"review":[41],"synthesises":[42],"evidence":[43],"on":[44,161,216],"differences":[45,277],"style":[48,268],"across":[49],"sociodemographic":[50],"factors":[51],"context":[54,86],"of":[55,87,134,212,256],"to":[58,226,259,270,287],"inform":[59],"future":[60],"interventions.":[61],"Methods":[62],"Seven":[63],"databases":[64],"were":[65,95,113],"searched.":[66],"Eligibility":[67],"criteria":[68],"(using":[69],"Population,":[71],"Exposure,":[72],"Comparison,":[73],"Outcome":[75],"(PECO)":[76],"framework)":[77],"included":[78,136],"studies":[79,109,247,297],"measuring":[80],"NFC":[81,138,143,148,168,188,213],"or":[82],"FI":[83,162,182,215],"screening.":[89,263],"Title,":[90],"abstract,":[91],"full":[93],"text":[94],"screened":[96],"two":[98],"independent":[99],"reviewers":[100],"findings":[102],"summarised":[103],"using":[104],"narrative":[105,206],"synthesis.":[106],"Results":[107],"Six":[108],"(N":[110],"=":[111],"3,380)":[112],"included,":[114],"covering":[115],"breast":[116],"(mammography),":[117],"bowel":[118],"(Colonoscopy":[119],"faecal":[121],"tests(FT)),":[122],"prostate":[124],"(Digital":[125],"rectal":[126],"exam":[127],"prostate-specific":[129],"antigen)":[130],"screening,":[132],"5":[133],"which":[135],"only":[137,157],"measures":[139],"1":[141],"both":[142,238],"FI.":[145],"Heterogeneity":[146],"scales":[149],"item":[151],"use":[152],"was":[153,189],"noted":[154],"(Mean=3.34-10.4)":[155],"one":[158],"study":[159],"reported":[160],"(Mean=3.63).":[163],"Findings":[164],"indicate":[165],"that":[166],"higher":[167,175,186],"is":[169,183,289],"associated":[170,184,191,197,230,275,290],"with":[171,185,192,198,231,234,276,291],"being":[172,229],"male,":[173],"non-white,":[174],"education,":[176],"lower":[178],"socioeconomic":[179],"disadvantage.":[180],"Lower":[181],"education.":[187],"negatively":[190],"defensiveness":[193],"(avoidance/blunting)":[194],"positively":[196],"information":[199,293],"appraisal":[200],"(perceived":[201],"usefulness,":[202],"attention,":[203],"gain-framed":[204],"effect,":[205],"style).":[207],"However,":[208],"direct":[210],"impact":[211],"intention":[218,280],"participation":[220],"remains":[221],"inconsistent.":[222],"Conclusions":[223],"Evidence":[224],"points":[225],"better":[232,292],"engagement":[233],"information,":[236],"while":[237],"require":[243],"further":[244],"research.":[245],"Future":[246],"should":[248],"clarify":[249],"how":[250],"these":[251],"styles":[252],"influence":[253],"key":[254],"elements":[255],"decision":[258],"participate":[260],"Key":[264],"messages":[265],"\u2022":[266,283],"appears":[269,286],"be":[271,288],"socio-economically":[272],"patterned":[273],"participation.":[282],"Rational":[284],"appraisal,":[294],"however":[295],"few":[296],"have":[298],"investigated":[299],"this":[300],"heterogenous":[303],"measurement.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}