{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223688086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657668","title":"Four Null Spacetime Theory A Causal Architecture for Geometry, Gravity, Light and Matter","display_name":"Four Null Spacetime Theory A Causal Architecture for Geometry, Gravity, Light and Matter","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223688086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23657668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657668","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154166800","display_name":"Gurbuz Dolu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7180-1347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7180-1347"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dolu, Gurbuz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7180-1347","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5154166800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80066445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.7562999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.7562999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.2305999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13080","display_name":"Advanced Differential Geometry Research","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-structure","display_name":"causal structure","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirac-operator","display_name":"Dirac operator","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinors","display_name":"spinors","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-field-structure","display_name":"electromagnetic field structure","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/einstein-maxwell-theory","display_name":"Einstein-Maxwell theory","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dirac-equation","display_name":"Dirac equation","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-gravity","display_name":"quantum gravity","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uv-completion","display_name":"UV completion","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-spacetime","display_name":"discrete spacetime","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.616599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.5942000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43506125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604907","display_name":"Spinor","level":2,"score":0.5690000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.5493000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203763787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371029","display_name":"Null (SQL)","level":2,"score":0.5062000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79464548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464794","display_name":"Minkowski space","level":2,"score":0.4348999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154693114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6796059","display_name":"Maxwell's equations in curved spacetime","level":5,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8466233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757269","display_name":"Metric tensor","level":3,"score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163504300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364925","display_name":"Causal structure","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149324446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43514","display_name":"Theory of relativity","level":2,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181830111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850","display_name":"Gauge theory","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120484201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246697","display_name":"Quantum field theory in curved spacetime","level":4,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91748784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11406","display_name":"Electromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82601208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272621","display_name":"Dirac equation","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115047598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54505","display_name":"Quantum field theory","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44715290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13012237","display_name":"Numerical relativity","level":3,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183517385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855112","display_name":"Riemann curvature tensor","level":3,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4621756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344764","display_name":"Problem of time","level":4,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59282198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51501","display_name":"Maxwell's equations","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42519931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200279","display_name":"Killing vector field","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70669116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2537157","display_name":"Mathematics of general relativity","level":4,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61039578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604279","display_name":"Dirac (video compression format)","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158650840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907439","display_name":"Dirac operator","level":2,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134200972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856292","display_name":"World line","level":3,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198959055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869108","display_name":"Weyl tensor","level":4,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196258919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203816","display_name":"Lorenz gauge condition","level":5,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134328617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546984","display_name":"Linearized gravity","level":3,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23657668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23657669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657669","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.23657668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657668","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223983007","https://openalex.org/W7223576741","https://openalex.org/W7223341123","https://openalex.org/W7223377533","https://openalex.org/W7215034473","https://openalex.org/W7215102502","https://openalex.org/W7215041570","https://openalex.org/W2068522661","https://openalex.org/W7138383325","https://openalex.org/W1618133938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Four-Null":[0,305],"Spacetime":[1,306],"is":[2,29,139,252],"a":[3,23,78,97,114,126,201,244,274,283],"candidate":[4],"microscopic":[5,245],"framework":[6,161,232],"in":[7,22,157],"which":[8,288],"local":[9],"spacetime":[10],"structure":[11,35,69],"isbuilt":[12],"from":[13,63,198],"cells":[14],"generated":[15],"by":[16,176],"four":[17,47],"future-directed":[18],"null":[19,48,199],"vectors":[20],"arranged":[21],"regular":[24],"tetrahedralconfiguration.":[25],"The":[26,42,146,160,256],"central":[27],"idea":[28],"to":[30,65,166],"begin":[31],"with":[32,38,186],"causal,":[33],"lightlike":[34],"rather":[36,117],"than":[37,73,118],"anindependently":[39],"prescribed":[40],"metric.":[41,75],"mutual":[43],"relations":[44],"of":[45,60,86,99,277,303],"the":[46,74,100,132,135,150,177,205,299,304],"generators":[49],"reconstruct":[50],"thelocal":[51],"Lorentzian":[52],"geometry":[53],"exactly,":[54,141],"while":[55],"curvature":[56,222],"appears":[57],"through":[58,125],"variations":[59],"that":[61],"reconstructedgeometry":[62],"cell":[64,246],"cell.The":[66],"same":[67],"four-null":[68],"carries":[70],"substantially":[71],"more":[72],"It":[76],"defines":[77],"relationaltimelike":[79],"direction,":[80],"an":[81],"exact":[82,183,309],"three-plus-three":[83],"Hodge-incidence":[84,207],"decomposition":[85],"six":[87],"bivector":[88],"channels,a":[89],"natural":[90],"electromagnetic":[91],"field":[92],"structure,":[93,208,218],"spinor":[94,209],"variables,":[95],"and":[96,107,154,188,210,220,226,229,240,262,291],"reconstruction":[98,197],"Dirac":[101,155,221],"operator.In":[102],"this":[103],"sense,":[104],"gravity,":[105,289],"electromagnetism":[106],"spin-":[108],"12":[109],"matter":[110,292],"are":[111,123,195],"formulated":[112],"on":[113,119,287],"common":[115],"causalarchitecture":[116],"separate":[120],"underlying":[121],"structures.Dynamics":[122],"introduced":[124],"discrete":[127],"Kirchhoff\u2013Huygens":[128],"propagation":[129],"law.":[130],"For":[131],"selectedtwo-shell":[133],"geometry,":[134],"leading":[136],"finite-cell":[137,164,227],"coefficient":[138],"determined":[140],"a4":[142],"=":[143],"51491/600000":[144],".":[145],"long-wavelength":[147],"limit":[148],"reproduces":[149],"established":[151],"Einstein,":[152],"Maxwell":[153,216],"structures":[156],"thesectors":[158],"tested.":[159],"also":[162],"predicts":[163],"corrections":[165],"wave":[167],"propagation,":[168],"including":[169],"acommon":[170],"subluminal":[171],"dispersion":[172],"for":[173],"fields":[174],"governed":[175],"shared":[178],"Huygens":[179],"law.The":[180],"work":[181,269],"combines":[182],"analytical":[184],"results":[185,194],"symbolic":[187],"numerical":[189],"consistency":[190,265],"tests.":[191],"Amongthe":[192],"principal":[193],"metric":[196],"data,":[200],"unique":[202],"relational":[203],"clock,":[204],"exacttetrahedral":[206],"Clifford":[211],"reconstruction,":[212],"two":[213],"gravitational":[214],"shearpolarizations,":[215],"gauge":[217],"Einstein\u2013Maxwell":[219],"couplings,":[223],"quadrupolegravitational":[224],"radiation,":[225],"quantum":[228,241,263,278,318],"thermodynamic":[230],"tests.The":[231],"proposes":[233],"physics":[234],"beyond":[235],"standard":[236],"continuum":[237],"general":[238],"relativity":[239],"fieldtheory":[242],"at":[243],"scale":[247],"Lc,":[248],"whose":[249],"absolute":[250],"value":[251],"not":[253,272],"yet":[254],"fixed.":[255],"full":[257],"nonlinearconstraint":[258],"problem,":[259],"ultraviolet":[260],"completion":[261],"Lorentz":[264],"remain":[266],"open.":[267],"Thepresent":[268],"therefore":[270],"does":[271],"claim":[273],"completed":[275],"theory":[276],"gravity;":[279],"it":[280],"establishes":[281],"andtests":[282],"unified":[284],"causal":[285],"architecture":[286],"light":[290],"can":[293],"be":[294],"studied":[295],"together.This":[296],"record":[297],"presents":[298],"current":[300],"consolidated":[301],"formulation":[302],"program,including":[307],"its":[308],"foundations,":[310],"dynamical":[311],"construction,":[312],"physical":[313],"consequences,":[314],"testable":[315],"predictionsand":[316],"remaining":[317],"frontier.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}
