{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223685985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999","title":"Gender differences in depression and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan","display_name":"Gender differences in depression and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223685985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1999/72466145/ckag169.1999.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1999/72466145/ckag169.1999.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159692386","display_name":"G Mergenova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191378831","display_name":"Kazakh National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pc6w891","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144657","display_name":"Global Health Research Center of Central Asia","ror":"https://ror.org/04z2zm587","country_code":"KZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144657"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Mergenova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","Global Health Research Center of Central Asia , Almaty,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Health Research Center of Central Asia , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010896518","display_name":"Assel Bukharbayeva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-1527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-1527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191378831","display_name":"Kazakh National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pc6w891","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Bukharbayeva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159633794","display_name":"A Myrkassymova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191378831","display_name":"Kazakh National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pc6w891","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Myrkassymova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159639774","display_name":"B Iskakova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191378831","display_name":"Kazakh National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pc6w891","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Iskakova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068639644","display_name":"A Izekenova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191378831","display_name":"Kazakh National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pc6w891","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108340","display_name":"University of International Business","ror":"https://ror.org/01rvqzw67","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108340"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Izekenova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","University of International Business , Almaty,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of International Business , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108340"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159679704","display_name":"B Zhussupov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191378831","display_name":"Kazakh National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pc6w891","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Zhussupov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159734830","display_name":"M Yerdenova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191378831","display_name":"Kazakh National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pc6w891","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Yerdenova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016042063","display_name":"Kuanysh Karibayev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4029-062X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4029-062X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191378831","display_name":"Kazakh National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pc6w891","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Karibayev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159682428","display_name":"A Jiyessova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191378831","display_name":"Kazakh National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pc6w891","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Jiyessova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068639644","display_name":"A Izekenova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191378831","display_name":"Kazakh National Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pc6w891","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108340","display_name":"University of International Business","ror":"https://ror.org/01rvqzw67","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108340"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A Izekenova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","University of International Business , Almaty,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of International Business , Almaty,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108340"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068639644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191378831","https://openalex.org/I4210108340"],"apc_list":{"value":2815,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3181},"apc_paid":{"value":2815,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3181},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84940199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"Supplement_5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10786","display_name":"Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence-of-depression","display_name":"depression prevalence","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-insecurity","display_name":"food insecurity","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-exposure","display_name":"COVID-19 exposure","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-residence","display_name":"rural residence","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease","display_name":"chronic disease","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-factors","display_name":"socioeconomic factors","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"mental health","score":0.777999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7814000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6653000116348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6491000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73269764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954529","display_name":"Poisson regression","level":3,"score":0.6251000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5971999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.5619000196456909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5382000207901001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.5282999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.47279998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019635848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154","display_name":"Alcohol consumption","level":3,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1999/72466145/ckag169.1999.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13699908","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13699908/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13699908/pdf/ckag169.1999.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eur J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1999","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1999/72466145/ckag169.1999.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223685985.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385874130","https://openalex.org/W4319990731","https://openalex.org/W4411390501","https://openalex.org/W4322722012","https://openalex.org/W4220922999","https://openalex.org/W3194005064","https://openalex.org/W7118047396","https://openalex.org/W3176112455","https://openalex.org/W4310798740","https://openalex.org/W4320148149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Depression":[2,55,95,202],"increased":[3,149],"during":[4,208,249,268],"the":[5,34,59,209,242],"COVID-19":[6,89,130,210],"pandemic,":[7,211],"with":[8,66,161,187,234,302],"potential":[9],"gender":[10,26],"differences":[11,27],"in":[12,28,33,46],"both":[13],"prevalence":[14,75,96],"and":[15,30,81,91,148,175,224,236,264,277,287,297],"determinants.":[16],"Evidence":[17],"from":[18],"Central":[19],"Asia":[20],"remains":[21],"limited.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"assessed":[25,57],"depression":[29,61,219,282],"associated":[31,160,186,233],"factors":[32],"general":[35],"population":[36],"of":[37],"Kazakhstan.":[38],"Methods":[39],"We":[40],"analyzed":[41],"cross-sectional":[42],"survey":[43],"data":[44],"collected":[45],"2021":[47],"among":[48,99,206,228],"991":[49],"adults":[50],"(524":[51],"women,":[52,110,218],"467":[53],"men).":[54],"was":[56,70,97,203,220,231],"using":[58],"PHQ-4":[60],"subscale.":[62],"Modified":[63],"Poisson":[64],"regression":[65],"robust":[67],"standard":[68],"errors":[69],"used":[71],"to":[72,222,262,275],"estimate":[73],"adjusted":[74],"ratios":[76],"(aPRs)":[77],"separately":[78],"for":[79,195,244,306],"women":[80,100,207],"men.":[82,307],"Covariates":[83],"included":[84],"socioeconomic":[85,223,263],"factors,":[86],"health":[87,247,251,258,288,291,300],"status,":[88],"exposure,":[90],"behavioral":[92],"changes.":[93],"Results":[94],"higher":[98,162,188],"than":[101],"men":[102],"(14.9%":[103],"vs.":[104],"8.8%,":[105],"p":[106,117,127,137,145,156,172,182],"=":[107,118,128,138,146,157,173,183],"0.003).":[108],"Among":[109,164,217],"food":[111,272],"insecurity":[112],"(aPR=1.82;":[113],"95%":[114,124,134,142,153,169,179],"CI:":[115,125,135,143,154,170,180],"1.14\u20132.92;":[116],"0.012),":[119],"healthcare":[120],"access":[121,274],"problems":[122],"(aPR=1.97;":[123],"1.24\u20133.13;":[126],"0.004),":[129],"exposure":[131],"(high:":[132],"aPR=2.05;":[133],"1.24\u20133.39;":[136],"0.005;":[139],"medium:":[140],"aPR=2.28;":[141],"1.40\u20133.72;":[144],"0.001),":[147],"alcohol":[150],"use":[151],"(aPR=2.05;":[152],"1.07\u20133.94;":[155],"0.031)":[158],"were":[159,185,193],"depression.":[163,189],"men,":[165,229],"rural":[166,295],"residence":[167],"(aPR=2.08;":[168],"1.14\u20133.79;":[171],"0.017)":[174],"chronic":[176,303],"illness":[177],"(aPR=2.57;":[178],"1.42\u20134.65;":[181],"0.002)":[184],"No":[190],"significant":[191],"associations":[192],"observed":[194],"employment,":[196],"physical":[197],"activity,":[198],"or":[199],"smoking.":[200],"Conclusions":[201],"more":[204,260],"prevalent":[205],"but":[212],"determinants":[213],"differed":[214],"by":[215,285],"gender.":[216],"linked":[221],"pandemic-related":[225,265],"stressors,":[226],"whereas":[227],"it":[230],"primarily":[232],"structural":[235,286],"health-related":[237],"factors.":[238],"These":[239],"findings":[240],"highlight":[241],"need":[243],"gender-sensitive":[245],"mental":[246,257,299],"strategies":[248,292],"public":[250],"crises.":[252],"Key":[253],"messages":[254],"\u2022":[255,280],"Women\u2019s":[256],"is":[259,283],"sensitive":[261],"stressors:":[266],"Interventions":[267],"crises":[269],"should":[270,293],"prioritize":[271],"security,":[273],"healthcare,":[276],"psychosocial":[278],"support.":[279],"Men\u2019s":[281],"driven":[284],"factors:":[289],"Public":[290],"target":[294],"populations":[296],"integrate":[298],"care":[301],"disease":[304],"management":[305]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}