{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223678830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/epi.2026.10164","title":"Trusting without Knowing","display_name":"Trusting without Knowing","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223678830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/epi.2026.10164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/epi.2026.10164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/epi.2026.10164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/epi.2026.10164","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/EC1372AC7CC39DF080CF4EE318059B99/S1742360026101646a.pdf/div-class-title-trusting-without-knowing-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116734912","display_name":"Episteme","issn_l":"1742-3600","issn":["1742-3600","1750-0117"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Episteme","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/EC1372AC7CC39DF080CF4EE318059B99/S1742360026101646a.pdf/div-class-title-trusting-without-knowing-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107019092","display_name":"Jack Madock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1352-3495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1352-3495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jack Madock","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1352-3495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107019092"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93832504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12320","display_name":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust","display_name":"trust","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-trust","display_name":"epistemic trust","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-justification","display_name":"epistemic justification","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-defeat","display_name":"epistemic defeat","score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-closure","display_name":"epistemic closure","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7493553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520777","display_name":"Certainty","level":2,"score":0.8855999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.8260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6308000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.24449999630451202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20919999480247498}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/epi.2026.10164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/epi.2026.10164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/epi.2026.10164","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/EC1372AC7CC39DF080CF4EE318059B99/S1742360026101646a.pdf/div-class-title-trusting-without-knowing-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116734912","display_name":"Episteme","issn_l":"1742-3600","issn":["1742-3600","1750-0117"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Episteme","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/epi.2026.10164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/epi.2026.10164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/epi.2026.10164","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/EC1372AC7CC39DF080CF4EE318059B99/S1742360026101646a.pdf/div-class-title-trusting-without-knowing-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116734912","display_name":"Episteme","issn_l":"1742-3600","issn":["1742-3600","1750-0117"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Episteme","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223678830.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223678830.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597968473","https://openalex.org/W1967431816","https://openalex.org/W1999796908","https://openalex.org/W2026890119","https://openalex.org/W2082638007","https://openalex.org/W2121793611","https://openalex.org/W4308440583","https://openalex.org/W4312262108","https://openalex.org/W4377194278","https://openalex.org/W4389497866","https://openalex.org/W4391982248","https://openalex.org/W4405528147","https://openalex.org/W4412027583","https://openalex.org/W7128707570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000603719","https://openalex.org/W7147553790","https://openalex.org/W2979408192","https://openalex.org/W1844227983","https://openalex.org/W2985977030","https://openalex.org/W3161683876","https://openalex.org/W4309777988","https://openalex.org/W2024088262","https://openalex.org/W4388950058","https://openalex.org/W2787237895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Consider":[1],"the":[2,33,38,74,80,84,117,143,155,160],"paranoid":[3],"parent":[4],"who":[5],"hires":[6],"a":[7,14,46,65,95,135],"babysitter":[8],"and":[9,152],"then":[10],"monitors":[11],"her":[12],"via":[13],"nanny-cam":[15],"while":[16,50,99],"out":[17],"for":[18,134,145],"dinner.":[19],"Despite":[20],"what":[21],"she":[22,29],"may":[23],"say,":[24],"it":[25,130],"is":[26,36,94,159],"intuitive":[27,62],"that":[28,55,119,154],"fails":[30,58],"to":[31,44,59,70,86,128],"trust":[32,68],"babysitter.":[34],"Why":[35],"this":[37,56],"case?":[39],"One":[40,91],"response":[41],"has":[42,103],"been":[43],"propose":[45],"constraint":[47,57,96,158],"against":[48,97],"inquiring":[49],"trusting.":[51,100],"This":[52,101,112],"paper":[53,113,140],"argues":[54],"explain":[60],"other":[61],"instances":[63],"of":[64,67,73,78],"failure":[66],"owing":[69],"epistemic":[71,148],"features":[72],"trustor.":[75],"In":[76,126],"light":[77],"this,":[79],"arguments":[81],"here":[82],"suggest":[83],"need":[85,144],"adopt":[87],"an":[88,146],"additional":[89,147],"constraint.":[90,138],"tempting":[92],"hypothesis":[93,118],"knowing":[98],"proposal":[102],"explanatory":[104],"advantages":[105],"but":[106],"also":[107],"comes":[108],"with":[109],"its":[110],"problems.":[111],"will":[114,131],"first":[115],"consider":[116],"when":[120],"one":[121,123],"trusts,":[122],"cannot":[124],"know.":[125],"responding":[127],"objections,":[129],"ultimately":[132],"argue":[133],"trust-based":[136,156],"certainty":[137,157],"The":[139],"thus":[141],"establishes":[142],"condition":[149],"on":[150],"trusting":[151],"concludes":[153],"most":[161],"appropriate.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}