{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223673503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x26101366","title":"Transparency and toxics: policy tool interactions in environmental regulation","display_name":"Transparency and toxics: policy tool interactions in environmental regulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223673503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x26101366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0143814x26101366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x26101366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x26101366","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/866826194ADCEB8DBC8B5B173647E20E/S0143814X26101366a.pdf/div-class-title-transparency-and-toxics-policy-tool-interactions-in-environmental-regulation-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76906069","display_name":"Journal of Public Policy","issn_l":"0143-814X","issn":["0143-814X","1469-7815"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Public Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/866826194ADCEB8DBC8B5B173647E20E/S0143814X26101366a.pdf/div-class-title-transparency-and-toxics-policy-tool-interactions-in-environmental-regulation-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121123321","display_name":"Christopher Eddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2076-3994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2076-3994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119443389","display_name":"East Tennessee State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rfqv493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Eddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["East Tennessee State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East Tennessee State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119443389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081969552","display_name":"Neal D. Woods","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-4769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-4769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neal D. Woods","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-4769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081969552"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89050618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12986","display_name":"Administrative Law and Governance","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13916","display_name":"Environmental Policies and Emissions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-transparency","display_name":"environmental transparency","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-regulation","display_name":"environmental regulation","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-monitoring","display_name":"regulatory monitoring","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-enforcement","display_name":"regulatory enforcement","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxic-emissions","display_name":"toxic emissions","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government-environmental-policy","display_name":"state environmental policy","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-severity","display_name":"pollution severity","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-information-policy","display_name":"public information policy","score":0.4129999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.8454999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.7807000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6585999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985274072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q328798","display_name":"Environmental regulation","level":2,"score":0.6345000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6219000220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989271921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919526","display_name":"Environmental policy","level":2,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4025000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019398576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639780","display_name":"Regulatory agency","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776305056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257723","display_name":"Public disclosure","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137577040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431965","display_name":"Information asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777404476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2978744","display_name":"Clean Air Act","level":3,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123676819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074338","display_name":"Perfect information","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984117370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public information","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309700","display_name":"Regulatory reform","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7225750","display_name":"Pollution prevention","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777976496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541936","display_name":"Public participation","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0143814x26101366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x26101366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x26101366","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/866826194ADCEB8DBC8B5B173647E20E/S0143814X26101366a.pdf/div-class-title-transparency-and-toxics-policy-tool-interactions-in-environmental-regulation-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76906069","display_name":"Journal of Public Policy","issn_l":"0143-814X","issn":["0143-814X","1469-7815"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Public Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0143814x26101366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x26101366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x26101366","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/866826194ADCEB8DBC8B5B173647E20E/S0143814X26101366a.pdf/div-class-title-transparency-and-toxics-policy-tool-interactions-in-environmental-regulation-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76906069","display_name":"Journal of Public Policy","issn_l":"0143-814X","issn":["0143-814X","1469-7815"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Public Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223673503.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223673503.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3190377951","https://openalex.org/W4232819188","https://openalex.org/W2057230802","https://openalex.org/W4241858954","https://openalex.org/W7098717015","https://openalex.org/W7098207829","https://openalex.org/W4412893230","https://openalex.org/W616531078","https://openalex.org/W2115493709","https://openalex.org/W1490961275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Toxics":[1],"information":[2,58,96],"disclosure":[3,59],"programs":[4,17],"have":[5,22],"been":[6],"hailed":[7],"by":[8,30,83],"some":[9],"as":[10,71,73],"being":[11],"among":[12],"the":[13,84,87],"most":[14],"successful":[15],"environmental":[16],"in":[18,44,65,116],"history.":[19],"Yet":[20],"critics":[21],"argued":[23],"that":[24,57,78,94],"these":[25,52,79],"policies":[26,60,97],"may":[27],"invite":[28],"abuse":[29],"reducing":[31,108],"traditional":[32,99],"regulatory":[33],"monitoring":[34,67],"and":[35,68,98,106],"enforcement,":[36],"leading":[37],"to":[38],"poorer":[39],"policy":[40,113],"outcomes.":[41],"Leveraging":[42],"variation":[43],"U.S.":[45],"state":[46],"toxics":[47],"transparency":[48],"programs,":[49],"we":[50],"assess":[51],"conflicting":[53],"claims.":[54],"We":[55],"find":[56],"are":[61,81,103],"associated":[62],"with":[63,74],"differences":[64],"agency":[66],"enforcement":[69],"actions":[70],"well":[72],"emission":[75],"levels,":[76],"but":[77],"relationships":[80],"conditioned":[82],"severity":[85],"of":[86,101],"pollution":[88],"problem.":[89],"Overall,":[90],"our":[91],"evidence":[92],"suggests":[93],"public":[95],"forms":[100],"regulation":[102],"imperfect":[104],"substitutes,":[105],"successfully":[107],"toxic":[109],"emissions":[110],"requires":[111],"both":[112],"tools":[114],"working":[115],"concert.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}
