{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223673280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090","title":"Validation of video-based event detection against laboratory-standard biomechanical measures: a synchronized multimodal study","display_name":"Validation of video-based event detection against laboratory-standard biomechanical measures: a synchronized multimodal study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223673280","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595131146","display_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","issn_l":"2296-4185","issn":["2296-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159716440","display_name":"Zhenping Xiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26080491","display_name":"Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038c3w259","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenping Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, Qujing Central Hospital of Yunnan Province","Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital","The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, Qujing Central Hospital of Yunnan Province","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159650181","display_name":"Zaitian Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26080491","display_name":"Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038c3w259","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaitian Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077631789","display_name":"Henrui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-4295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-4295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26080491","display_name":"Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038c3w259","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802939634","display_name":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw3ra78","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese PLA General Hospital","Department of Orthopedics, Qujing Central Hospital of Yunnan Province","Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802939634"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, Qujing Central Hospital of Yunnan Province","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013828645","display_name":"Daiyuan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-4310","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6610-4310"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26080491","display_name":"Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038c3w259","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiyuan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China","Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159593792","display_name":"Jingyu Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26080491","display_name":"Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038c3w259","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159669400","display_name":"Yangjie Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26080491","display_name":"Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038c3w259","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159738639","display_name":"Chengkai He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26080491","display_name":"Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038c3w259","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengkai He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010629910","display_name":"Li Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-5566","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-5566"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91935597","display_name":"University of South China","ror":"https://ror.org/03mqfn238","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91935597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080749171","display_name":"Fei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-0265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-0265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26080491","display_name":"Kunming Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038c3w259","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopedics, Qujing Central Hospital of Yunnan Province","Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopedics, Qujing Central Hospital of Yunnan Province","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kunming Medical University Affiliated Qujing Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080749171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26080491"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81883328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.7480000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.7480000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.16779999434947968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.015399999916553497,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markerless-motion-analysis","display_name":"markerless motion analysis","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lstm-networks","display_name":"LSTM networks","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-electromyography","display_name":"surface electromyography","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vicon-motion-capture","display_name":"Vicon motion capture","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-detection","display_name":"peak detection","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-motion-analysis","display_name":"human motion analysis","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-motion-analysis","display_name":"low-cost motion analysis","score":0.453000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7196999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.675599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.6647999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5986999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5659000277519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104709138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671540","display_name":"Intraclass correlation","level":3,"score":0.4814999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48007421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676252","display_name":"Motion capture","level":3,"score":0.41839998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.3986999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C293773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7608015","display_name":"Step detection","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595131146","display_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","issn_l":"2296-4185","issn":["2296-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87fbf56784b84286a82cb57eec2c5be7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87fbf56784b84286a82cb57eec2c5be7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol 14 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2026.1909090/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595131146","display_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","issn_l":"2296-4185","issn":["2296-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223673280.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223673280.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1809259931","https://openalex.org/W1823431077","https://openalex.org/W1966716734","https://openalex.org/W1970493599","https://openalex.org/W2015795623","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2065418940","https://openalex.org/W2141403362","https://openalex.org/W2159759971","https://openalex.org/W2270470215","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2488164446","https://openalex.org/W2805442627","https://openalex.org/W2887114371","https://openalex.org/W2891718801","https://openalex.org/W2970359710","https://openalex.org/W3019333129","https://openalex.org/W3031044065","https://openalex.org/W3117645798","https://openalex.org/W3188704169","https://openalex.org/W3206108968","https://openalex.org/W4211003818","https://openalex.org/W4313275909","https://openalex.org/W4411507815","https://openalex.org/W7137827793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7215041114","https://openalex.org/W4400498194","https://openalex.org/W7018308320","https://openalex.org/W3019085524","https://openalex.org/W7202075594","https://openalex.org/W4306986053","https://openalex.org/W3189729120","https://openalex.org/W3113274614","https://openalex.org/W2790816660","https://openalex.org/W4243485825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Biomechanical":[1],"event":[2,33,73,143,149],"detection":[3,34,81,144],"is":[4,251],"fundamental":[5],"to":[6,141,208,274,287,298],"human":[7],"movement":[8],"analysis":[9,279],"in":[10,24,54,116,145,304],"clinical,":[11],"rehabilitation,":[12],"and":[13,22,62,99,128,133,177,202,302,309],"sports":[14],"settings,":[15,311],"yet":[16],"conventional":[17],"laboratory":[18,57],"systems":[19],"remain":[20],"costly":[21],"inaccessible":[23],"many":[25],"contexts.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"validated":[29],"a":[30,55,136,266,284],"markerless,":[31],"video-primary":[32,268],"system":[35,183],"against":[36],"laboratory-reference":[37,275],"biomechanical":[38],"measurements":[39,276],"using":[40,124,161],"synchronized":[41,123],"multimodal":[42],"data.":[43],"Methods":[44],"Eight":[45],"healthy":[46],"adults":[47],"performed":[48],"standardized":[49],"upper-limb":[50,278],"dumbbell":[51],"lifting":[52],"tasks":[53],"controlled":[56,281],"while":[58],"video,":[59],"Vicon":[60,154,189],"motion-capture,":[61],"surface":[63],"electromyography":[64],"(EMG)":[65],"data":[66],"were":[67,105,113,122,151],"recorded":[68],"(76":[69],"valid":[70],"trials;":[71],"304":[72],"labels).":[74],"A":[75],"hybrid":[76,267],"pipeline":[77],"combining":[78],"threshold-based":[79],"peak":[80,93],"with":[82,153,187,236],"Long":[83],"Short-Term":[84],"Memory":[85],"(LSTM)":[86],"networks":[87],"identified":[88],"four":[89],"events:":[90],"action":[91],"start,":[92],"of":[94,97,101,135,293],"rising,":[95],"end":[96],"holding,":[98],"start":[100],"returning.":[102],"Kinematic":[103],"features":[104],"derived":[106],"from":[107],"video;":[108],"two":[109],"EMG":[110,232,243,295],"envelope":[111],"channels":[112,297],"additionally":[114],"used":[115],"the":[117,188,213,294],"LSTM":[118,248],"refinement":[119],"stage.":[120],"Streams":[121],"hardware":[125],"triggers":[126],"(Vicon":[127],"EMG),":[129],"software-started":[130],"video":[131],"recording,":[132],"cross-correlation":[134],"shared":[137],"kinematic":[138],"signal":[139],"prior":[140],"independent":[142,258],"each":[146],"system.":[147],"Video-based":[148],"timestamps":[150,156],"compared":[152],"reference":[155,190],"without":[157],"further":[158],"reference-informed":[159],"adjustment,":[160],"intraclass":[162],"correlation":[163],"coefficients":[164],"(ICC),":[165],"Bland\u2013Altman":[166],"analysis,":[167],"mean":[168,173],"absolute":[169],"error":[170,175,195],"(MAE),":[171],"root":[172],"square":[174],"(RMSE),":[176],"classification":[178],"metrics.":[179],"Results":[180],"The":[181],"video-based":[182],"showed":[184],"excellent":[185],"agreement":[186],"(ICC:":[191],"0.90\u20130.94),":[192],"low":[193],"temporal":[194],"(MAE:":[196],"38\u201351":[197],"ms;":[198],"RMSE:":[199],"52\u201370":[200],"ms),":[201],"minimal":[203],"systematic":[204],"bias;":[205],"errors":[206],"corresponded":[207],"approximately":[209],"1.1\u20131.5":[210],"frames":[211],"at":[212],"30":[214],"fps":[215],"acquisition":[216],"rate.":[217],"Classification":[218],"performance":[219],"was":[220],"strong":[221],"across":[222],"all":[223],"events":[224,238],"(F1":[225],"score:":[226],"93.4%;":[227,229],"sensitivity:":[228],"specificity:":[230],"97.8%).":[231],"activation":[233],"peaks":[234],"correlated":[235],"detected":[237],"(r":[239],"=":[240],"0.86\u20130.91);":[241],"because":[242],"envelopes":[244],"also":[245],"served":[246],"as":[247],"inputs,":[249],"this":[250],"an":[252],"internal":[253],"consistency":[254],"check":[255],"rather":[256],"than":[257],"physiological":[259],"validation.":[260],"Discussion":[261],"These":[262],"findings":[263],"indicate":[264],"that":[265],"approach":[269],"can":[270],"achieve":[271],"accuracy":[272],"comparable":[273],"for":[277],"under":[280],"conditions,":[282],"offering":[283],"scalable":[285],"complement":[286],"traditional":[288],"motion-capture":[289],"systems.":[290],"An":[291],"ablation":[292],"input":[296],"establish":[299],"video-only":[300],"performance,":[301],"validation":[303],"larger,":[305],"more":[306],"diverse":[307],"populations":[308],"real-world":[310],"are":[312],"required.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}
