{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223672960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453","title":"\u201cPhysiological and pathological responses to hypoxia and high altitude, volume IV.\u201d Mechanisms of reduction in VO2max in hypoxia/at altitude","display_name":"\u201cPhysiological and pathological responses to hypoxia and high altitude, volume IV.\u201d Mechanisms of reduction in VO2max in hypoxia/at altitude","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223672960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52732750","display_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","issn_l":"1664-042X","issn":["1664-042X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018377081","display_name":"Peter D. Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-7432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7957-7432"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter D. Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine and Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018377081"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8386653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11968","display_name":"High Altitude and Hypoxia","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11968","display_name":"High Altitude and Hypoxia","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11056","display_name":"Physiological and biochemical adaptations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-altitude","display_name":"high altitude","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoxia","display_name":"hypoxia","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vo2max","display_name":"VO2max","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-transport","display_name":"oxygen transport","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-diffusion-limitation","display_name":"oxygen diffusion limitation","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-diffusion","display_name":"pulmonary diffusion","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-output","display_name":"cardiac output","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilation","display_name":"ventilation","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arterial-pco2","display_name":"arterial PCO2","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemoglobin-levels","display_name":"hemoglobin levels","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mount-everest","display_name":"Mount Everest","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-altitude-adaptation","display_name":"high-altitude adaptation","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.6611999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7836513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641506","display_name":"Hypoxia (environmental)","level":3,"score":0.6139000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139940330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q596579","display_name":"Cardiac output","level":3,"score":0.5577999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5293999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8240015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918226","display_name":"Effects of high altitude on humans","level":2,"score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993864201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7873","display_name":"Oxygen transport","level":3,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778917026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43041","display_name":"Hemoglobin","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182215343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472287","display_name":"Respiration","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200457457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111566952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303462","display_name":"Cardiac function curve","level":3,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37557685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896673","display_name":"Blood volume","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778210615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910482","display_name":"Oxygene","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79959777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754333","display_name":"Respiratory minute volume","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178853913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1642137","display_name":"Hemodynamics","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80461066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1698533","display_name":"Stroke volume","level":4,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196310339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60354","display_name":"VO2 max","level":4,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74501621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125465","display_name":"Sea level","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52732750","display_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","issn_l":"1664-042X","issn":["1664-042X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa97df1fd77f4f3782071773f0f9721f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa97df1fd77f4f3782071773f0f9721f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1970453/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52732750","display_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","issn_l":"1664-042X","issn":["1664-042X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223672960.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223672960.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95904070","https://openalex.org/W155400585","https://openalex.org/W1199594524","https://openalex.org/W1772262635","https://openalex.org/W1862723362","https://openalex.org/W1928917840","https://openalex.org/W1952978044","https://openalex.org/W1966933277","https://openalex.org/W2016662853","https://openalex.org/W2017085818","https://openalex.org/W2018182049","https://openalex.org/W2018309997","https://openalex.org/W2034256529","https://openalex.org/W2045879903","https://openalex.org/W2046947903","https://openalex.org/W2050974632","https://openalex.org/W2054117980","https://openalex.org/W2055029654","https://openalex.org/W2109802670","https://openalex.org/W2112316968","https://openalex.org/W2113137185","https://openalex.org/W2122995932","https://openalex.org/W2127667841","https://openalex.org/W2131144720","https://openalex.org/W2144149244","https://openalex.org/W2151555850","https://openalex.org/W2154217691","https://openalex.org/W2155335426","https://openalex.org/W2159482533","https://openalex.org/W2190090695","https://openalex.org/W2271010007","https://openalex.org/W2273749813","https://openalex.org/W2339386756","https://openalex.org/W2399755594","https://openalex.org/W2518623358","https://openalex.org/W4281650939","https://openalex.org/W4308975463","https://openalex.org/W4309955058","https://openalex.org/W4415681678"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970683610","https://openalex.org/W2100158740","https://openalex.org/W2018182049","https://openalex.org/W4244108863","https://openalex.org/W2553331268","https://openalex.org/W2076136172","https://openalex.org/W1952978044","https://openalex.org/W2004651767","https://openalex.org/W2151555850","https://openalex.org/W2032844380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0,119],"Mt.":[1],"Everest,":[2],"maximal":[3,180,207],"O":[4,10,50,68,85,113,129,147,165,222,244,262],"2":[5,11,31,51,69,86,114,130,148,166,172,223,245,263],"uptake":[6],"(":[7],"V":[8,145,163,220,242,260],"\u02d9":[9,146,164,221,243,261],"max":[12,149,167,224,246],")":[13],"in":[14,29,48,89,124,128,144,216,219,228,258],"fit":[15],"young":[16],"subjects,":[17],"around":[18],"4-5l/min":[19],"at":[20,156,193,233,264,279],"sea":[21,157,282],"level,":[22],"falls":[23,183],"to":[24,82,95,138,173,175,240,281],"only":[25],"~1l/min.":[26],"The":[27,226,248],"drop":[28],"PIO":[30],"itself":[32],"as":[33,102],"barometric":[34],"pressure":[35],"decreases":[36],"with":[37,59,117,150,184,231],"altitude":[38,60,234,265,280],"would":[39,107],"theoretically":[40],"explain":[41,139],"about":[42,251],"half":[43],"of":[44,105,141,254],"that":[45,84,205,275],"reduction.":[46],"Limitations":[47],"the":[49,64,67,90,97,103,120,125,142,161,194,217,252,255],"transport":[52,70,131],"system":[53,71,257],"(lungs,":[54],"heart/circulation":[55],"and":[56,61,78,92,133,201],"muscles)":[57],"increase":[58,227],"account":[62],"for":[63,100],"rest.":[65],"Here":[66],"is":[72,154,210],"analyzed":[73],"using":[74],"both":[75,198],"physiological":[76],"theory":[77],"published":[79],"experimental":[80,202],"data":[81,203],"show":[83,188],"diffusion":[87,106,115],"limitation":[88],"lungs":[91],"muscles":[93],"appears":[94],"be":[96,273],"primary":[98],"basis":[99],"this,":[101],"laws":[104],"dictate,":[108],"based":[109],"on":[110],"ever":[111],"smaller":[112],"gradients":[116],"altitude.":[118,151],"other":[121],"hand,":[122],"changes":[123],"convective":[126],"processes":[127],"(ventilation":[132],"blood":[134],"flow)":[135],"appear":[136],"not":[137,211,239],"most":[140],"fall":[143,174],"Maximal":[152],"ventilation":[153],"well-maintained":[155],"level":[158,283],"values":[159],"despite":[160],"low":[162],",":[168],"causing":[169],"arterial":[170],"PCO":[171],"single":[176],"digit":[177],"values.":[178],"While":[179],"cardiac":[181,190,208,277],"output":[182,209,278],"altitude,":[185],"multidisciplinary":[186],"studies":[187],"preserved":[189],"function":[191],"even":[192],"Everest":[195],"summit.":[196],"Additionally,":[197],"theoretical":[199],"calculations":[200],"suggest":[204],"lower":[206],"likely":[212,267],"a":[213,270],"major":[214],"factor":[215],"reduction":[218],".":[225,247],"hemoglobin":[229],"concentration":[230],"time":[232],"has":[235],"also":[236],"been":[237],"shown":[238],"affect":[241],"ongoing":[249],"debate":[250],"role":[253],"cardiovascular":[256],"limiting":[259],"will":[266],"continue":[268],"until":[269],"study":[271],"can":[272],"devised":[274],"restores":[276],"norms.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}