{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223669010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7","title":"Comparative laboratory and field assessment of commercial and nanoformulated metaldehyde baits against Monacha obstructa","display_name":"Comparative laboratory and field assessment of commercial and nanoformulated metaldehyde baits against Monacha obstructa","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223669010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73328-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73328-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004980457","display_name":"Esam M. Emara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-4832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-4832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165448","display_name":"Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hcacp57","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165448"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esam M. Emara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harmful Animals Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4300-4832","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harmful Animals Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165448"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108898951","display_name":"Rasha F. Khalifa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63601056","display_name":"Menoufia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05sjrb944","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasha F. Khalifa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economic Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economic Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63601056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097599438","display_name":"Fathalla Ayoob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-3014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-3014"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131959","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fathallah A. Ayoob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004980457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165448"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82137192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12234","display_name":"Mollusks and Parasites Studies","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12234","display_name":"Mollusks and Parasites Studies","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11065","display_name":"Insect Pest Control Strategies","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12642","display_name":"Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaldehyde","display_name":"metaldehyde","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoformulations","display_name":"nanoformulations","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molluscicides","display_name":"molluscicides","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monacha-obstructa","display_name":"Monacha obstructa","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaline-phosphatase","display_name":"alkaline phosphatase","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-phosphatase","display_name":"acid phosphatase","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molluscicidal-activity","display_name":"molluscicidal activity","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-efficacy","display_name":"field efficacy","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-size-and-zeta-potential","display_name":"particle size and zeta potential","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777087035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901537","display_name":"Molluscicide","level":3,"score":0.5910999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.5759000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5184000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160160445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24769688","display_name":"Alkaline phosphatase","level":3,"score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418243","display_name":"Acid phosphatase","level":3,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86181022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196823","display_name":"Zeta potential","level":3,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73328-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c66fefe6999a40db902ac33f27c75085","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c66fefe6999a40db902ac33f27c75085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports, Vol 16, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73328-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73328-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223669010.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223669010.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605265871","https://openalex.org/W1985504839","https://openalex.org/W1995668900","https://openalex.org/W2021922211","https://openalex.org/W2027626806","https://openalex.org/W2060300608","https://openalex.org/W2072827188","https://openalex.org/W2104477201","https://openalex.org/W2107111416","https://openalex.org/W2123036062","https://openalex.org/W2127602016","https://openalex.org/W2132242773","https://openalex.org/W2205828122","https://openalex.org/W2225502006","https://openalex.org/W2495124607","https://openalex.org/W2624745490","https://openalex.org/W2761210657","https://openalex.org/W2772100734","https://openalex.org/W3041290720","https://openalex.org/W3049511874","https://openalex.org/W3133518327","https://openalex.org/W3133606903","https://openalex.org/W4283712224","https://openalex.org/W4385845854","https://openalex.org/W4387041147","https://openalex.org/W4391539392","https://openalex.org/W4399288649","https://openalex.org/W4401812039","https://openalex.org/W4411709291","https://openalex.org/W7160772737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006463339","https://openalex.org/W2274390631","https://openalex.org/W3024793551","https://openalex.org/W3011317113","https://openalex.org/W3133606903","https://openalex.org/W4205439132","https://openalex.org/W2981013963","https://openalex.org/W3081297816","https://openalex.org/W3024634350","https://openalex.org/W4389166116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Metaldehyde":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3,37,108,125,134,141,153,178,291,321],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"molluscicide":[6],"for":[7,25,78,256,365],"controlling":[8],"land":[9],"snails;":[10],"however,":[11,166],"reformulation":[12],"of":[13,39,94,129,138,144,169,226,303,361,368],"commercial":[14,41,305,362],"molluscicides":[15],"using":[16,64],"nanoscale":[17],"delivery":[18],"systems":[19],"may":[20],"provide":[21],"an":[22,358],"alternative":[23,359],"approach":[24],"modifying":[26],"their":[27],"biological":[28],"performance.":[29],"This":[30],"study":[31],"aimed":[32],"to":[33,284,343],"prepare":[34],"and":[35,44,57,76,84,97,140,163,233,240,252],"characterize":[36],"nanoformulation":[38,114,151,212,279,311,354],"the":[40,65,167,170,183,193,198,211,263,304,310,335,344,348,352,366,372],"metaldehyde":[42,363],"bait":[43,67,364],"compare":[45],"its":[46],"molluscicidal":[47,281],"performance":[48,99],"with":[49,119,192,224,245,290,320,334],"Gastrotox":[50,160,218,257,285,318],"5%":[51,161,219,286],"against":[52],"Monacha":[53],"obstructa":[54,370],"under":[55,287,371],"laboratory":[56,288],"field":[58,98,209,308],"conditions.":[59,375],"Laboratory":[60],"toxicity":[61],"was":[62,100,266,297],"evaluated":[63,373],"toxic":[66],"method":[68],"at":[69,220],"five":[70],"concentrations":[71],"(1,":[72],"2,":[73],"5,":[74],"8,":[75],"10%)":[77],"72":[79],"h.":[80],"Alkaline":[81],"Phosphatase":[82,86],"(ALP)":[83],"Acid":[85],"(ACP)":[87],"activities":[88],"were":[89],"determined":[90],"as":[91,357],"biochemical":[92,341],"indicators":[93],"physiological":[95],"responses,":[96],"assessed":[101],"based":[102],"on":[103],"population":[104,215,315],"reduction":[105,216,316],"percentages":[106],"over":[107],"21-day":[109],"experimental":[110,374],"period.":[111],"The":[112,150,260,277,329],"prepared":[113,278,353],"exhibited":[115],"favorable":[116],"physicochemical":[117],"characteristics,":[118],"spherical":[120],"particles":[121],"measuring":[122],"7.4\u201333.5":[123],"nm,":[124,133],"mean":[126],"particle":[127],"size":[128],"44.06":[130],"\u00b1":[131,147,228,231,235,247,250,254],"4.57":[132],"Polydispersity":[135],"Index":[136],"(PDI)":[137],"0.40,":[139],"zeta":[142],"potential":[143,356],"\u2212":[145],"27":[146],"3.24":[148],"mV.":[149],"showed":[152,204,213,280],"lower":[154,293],"numerical":[155],"LC":[156,294],"50":[157,295],"value":[158],"than":[159,217,317],"(1.60%":[162],"2.80%,":[164],"respectively);":[165],"overlap":[168],"corresponding":[171],"95%":[172],"confidence":[173],"limits":[174],"did":[175],"not":[176,298],"support":[177],"statistically":[179,267,299,322],"significant":[180,206,268,323],"difference":[181,261],"between":[182,262],"two":[184,264,345],"formulations.":[185,346],"ALP":[186,331],"activity":[187,195,203,282],"differed":[188],"significantly":[189],"among":[190],"treatments,":[191],"highest":[194],"recorded":[196],"in":[197],"Gastrotox-treated":[199],"group,":[200],"whereas":[201],"ACP":[202,337],"no":[205],"differences.":[207],"Under":[208,307],"conditions,":[210,289,309],"higher":[214,314],"all":[221],"assessment":[222],"times,":[223],"values":[225],"(48.55":[227],"6.33%),":[229],"(90.39":[230],"2.95%),":[232],"(96.90":[234],"3.26%)":[236],"after":[237,270,326],"7,":[238],"14,":[239],"21":[241],"days,":[242],"respectively,":[243],"compared":[244],"(37.14":[246],"12.10%),":[248],"(74.14":[249],"2.30%),":[251],"(83.73":[253],"11.51%)":[255],"5%,":[258,319],"respectively.":[259],"treatments":[265],"only":[269],"14":[271,327],"days":[272],"(":[273],"P":[274],"\u2264":[275],"0.05).":[276],"comparable":[283],"numerically":[292,313],"that":[296,302,351],"different":[300,340],"from":[301],"formulation.":[306],"produced":[312],"advantage":[324],"observed":[325],"days.":[328],"differential":[330],"response,":[332],"together":[333],"unchanged":[336],"activity,":[338],"indicated":[339],"responses":[342],"Overall,":[347],"findings":[349],"indicate":[350],"has":[355],"formulation":[360],"management":[367],"M.":[369]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}