{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223663816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015","title":"The Invisible Risk: Evidence from a National Health Survey on Caregivers\u2019 Risk of Dementia","display_name":"The Invisible Risk: Evidence from a National Health Survey on Caregivers\u2019 Risk of Dementia","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223663816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1015/72463616/ckag169.1015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1015/72463616/ckag169.1015.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159622454","display_name":"L F Donelle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L F Donelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing, University of South Carolina , Columbia,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing, University of South Carolina , Columbia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159708833","display_name":"S Adams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing/School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing/School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159622454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":{"value":2815,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3181},"apc_paid":{"value":2815,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3181},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82344395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"Supplement_5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13111","display_name":"Nursing care and research","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11376","display_name":"Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-caregivers","display_name":"informal caregivers","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia-risk","display_name":"dementia risk","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"cognitive decline","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caregiver-burden","display_name":"caregiver burden","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia-prevention","display_name":"dementia prevention","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-caregivers","display_name":"family caregivers","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging-policy","display_name":"aging policy","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-promotion","display_name":"health promotion","score":0.5040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.8155999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6531999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.6187999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.40639999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778149918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3291156","display_name":"Population health","level":3,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779266529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897274","display_name":"Unpaid work","level":3,"score":0.39010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777126965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880710","display_name":"Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","level":3,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778900529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2827779","display_name":"Family caregivers","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13774568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q439112","display_name":"Population ageing","level":3,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779878486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053589","display_name":"Caregiver burden","level":4,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.2597000002861023}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1015/72463616/ckag169.1015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13697920","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13697920/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13697920/pdf/ckag169.1015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eur J Public Health","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.1015","pdf_url":"https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article-pdf/36/Supplement_5/ckag169.1015/72463616/ckag169.1015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210220588","display_name":"European Journal of Public Health","issn_l":"1101-1262","issn":["1101-1262","1464-360X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","fnege-4","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7390999794006348}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223663816.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223663816.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7223674390","https://openalex.org/W4390042585","https://openalex.org/W4410203031","https://openalex.org/W3211763846","https://openalex.org/W2980843404","https://openalex.org/W7052955116","https://openalex.org/W2901707519","https://openalex.org/W4405976065","https://openalex.org/W3200134442","https://openalex.org/W4411070276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Objectives":[1],"An":[2],"estimated":[3],"63":[4],"million":[5],"unpaid":[6,34,89,127,154],"US":[7],"caregivers":[8,35,90,118,155,182,254,284],"constitute":[9],"a":[10,57,135,171,184,191,216,256,272],"substantial":[11],"yet":[12],"often":[13],"invisible":[14],"healthcare":[15],"workforce.":[16],"This":[17],"study":[18],"examined":[19],"population-level":[20],"risk":[21,31,72,105,166,176,200,234,264,269,286],"for":[22,134,187,205],"cognitive":[23,188,220],"decline":[24,189],"among":[25,178],"U.S.":[26],"adults":[27],"and":[28,36,95,101,110,119,208,222,243,247,288,297],"compared":[29],"dementia":[30,71,104,165,199,236,263],"profiles":[32],"between":[33],"non-caregivers":[37],"to":[38,152,223,266],"inform":[39],"public":[40,192,276],"health":[41,60,193,221,241,245,277],"prevention":[42,207,237],"strategies.":[43,278],"Methods":[44],"A":[45],"secondary":[46],"analysis":[47],"of":[48,66,103,123,146,160,162,174,197,219,230],"the":[49,67,76,99,203,225],"2023":[50],"Behavioral":[51],"Risk":[52],"Factor":[53],"Surveillance":[54],"System":[55],"(BRFSS),":[56],"nationally":[58],"representative":[59],"surveillance":[61,209],"dataset,":[62],"was":[63],"conducted.":[64],"Twelve":[65],"14":[68],"evidence-informed":[69],"modifiable":[70,164,198],"factors":[73,106,177,201],"identified":[74,125],"by":[75],"2024":[77],"Lancet":[78],"Commission":[79],"were":[80,86,130],"operationalized":[81],"using":[82],"BRFSS":[83],"variables.":[84],"Respondents":[85],"categorized":[87],"as":[88,126,215,227,293],"or":[91,138,148],"non-caregivers.":[92],"Weighted":[93],"descriptive":[94],"comparative":[96],"analyses":[97],"assessed":[98],"prevalence":[100,159],"distribution":[102],"across":[107],"caregiving":[108,144],"status":[109,214],"demographic":[111],"characteristics.":[112],"Results":[113],"The":[114,195],"sample":[115],"included":[116],"17,055":[117],"58,630":[120],"non-caregivers;":[121],"22%":[122],"respondents":[124],"caregivers.":[128,179],"Caregivers":[129],"predominantly":[131],"women":[132],"caring":[133],"parent,":[136],"spouse/partner,":[137],"child,":[139],"with":[140],"over":[141],"half":[142],"reporting":[143],"durations":[145],"2":[147],"more":[149,267],"years.":[150],"Compared":[151],"non-caregivers,":[153],"demonstrated":[156],"significantly":[157],"higher":[158,262],"9":[161],"12":[163],"factors.":[167],"These":[168],"findings":[169],"indicate":[170],"disproportionate":[172],"burden":[173],"preventable":[175,268],"Conclusions":[180],"Unpaid":[181,253],"represent":[183],"high-risk":[185],"population":[186,240],"within":[190],"context.":[194],"concentration":[196],"underscores":[202],"need":[204],"targeted":[206,289],"strategies":[210],"that":[211],"incorporate":[212],"caregiver":[213,233],"key":[217],"determinant":[218],"advance":[224],"\u2018patient":[226],"family\u2019":[228],"model":[229],"care.":[231],"Integrating":[232],"into":[235],"frameworks":[238],"advances":[239],"approaches":[242],"informs":[244],"promotion":[246],"aging":[248],"policy.":[249],"Key":[250],"messages":[251],"\u2022":[252,279],"are":[255],"large,":[257],"essential":[258],"workforce":[259],"but":[260],"face":[261],"due":[265],"factors,":[270],"highlighting":[271],"gap":[273],"in":[274],"current":[275],"Dementia":[280],"policies":[281],"should":[282],"prioritize":[283],"through":[285],"screening":[287],"supports,":[290],"recognizing":[291],"them":[292],"both":[294],"care":[295],"providers":[296],"at-risk":[298],"individuals.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}