{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223662990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213510","title":"Lower Circulating Trace-Element Concentrations Among SGLT2 Inhibitor Users with Diabetes: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study","display_name":"Lower Circulating Trace-Element Concentrations Among SGLT2 Inhibitor Users with Diabetes: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223662990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18213510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213510","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039218994","display_name":"Beata Krasi\u0144ska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-1645","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-1645"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120230055","display_name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02zbb2597","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beata Krasi\u0144ska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology, and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, \u00bd Dluga Street, 61-848 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3464-1645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology, and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, \u00bd Dluga Street, 61-848 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113434577","display_name":"M. S. Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6144-5543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6144-5543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minseung Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6144-5543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042493264","display_name":"Giuseppe Maria Raffa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-2561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-2561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53150968","display_name":"Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione","ror":"https://ror.org/04dxgvn87","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53150968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Maria Raffa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Area (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy","Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7141-2561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Area (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53150968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066059339","display_name":"Calogera Pisano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-1965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-1965"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53150968","display_name":"Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione","ror":"https://ror.org/04dxgvn87","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53150968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calogera Pisano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Area (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy","Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6488-1965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Area (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53150968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060761564","display_name":"Mariusz Kowalewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-3245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-3245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019271933","display_name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University","ror":"https://ror.org/0102mm775","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139119","display_name":"Central Clinical Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03b45mr48","country_code":"PL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130748","https://openalex.org/I4210139119","https://openalex.org/I4405252944"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148386","display_name":"Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz","ror":"https://ror.org/04c5jwj47","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933","https://openalex.org/I4210148386"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT","PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mariusz Kowalewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiac Surgery, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland","Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Area (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy","Thoracic Research Center, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-3245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Area (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thoracic Research Center, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019271933","https://openalex.org/I4210148386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152471710","display_name":"Siwon Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9239-7822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9239-7822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104338594","display_name":"Inje University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xqwq985","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwon Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012025795","display_name":"Piotr Suwalski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-4164","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-4164"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139119","display_name":"Central Clinical Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03b45mr48","country_code":"PL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130748","https://openalex.org/I4210139119","https://openalex.org/I4405252944"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Suwalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cardiac Surgery, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cardiac Surgery, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, 02-507 Warszawa, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058209803","display_name":"Dagmara Pietkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-6825","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-6825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120230055","display_name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02zbb2597","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dagmara Pietkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Innovative Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Innovative Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011657173","display_name":"Szymon Plewa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9600-3980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9600-3980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120230055","display_name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02zbb2597","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Szymon Plewa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9600-3980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-614 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000016260","display_name":"Jan Matysiak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-1504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-1504"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120230055","display_name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02zbb2597","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Matysiak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9993-1504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-614 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065317260","display_name":"Zbigniew Krasi\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-1959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-1959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120230055","display_name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02zbb2597","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zbigniew Krasi\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Vascular, Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, \u00bd Dluga Street, 61-848 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-1959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Vascular, Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, \u00bd Dluga Street, 61-848 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111316816","display_name":"Julia Fr\u0105ckowiak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8858-3188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8858-3188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59411706","display_name":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144","ror":"https://ror.org/04g6bbq64","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Fr\u0105ckowiak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8858-3188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023075740","display_name":"Anetta Ha\u0144\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7524-2897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7524-2897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59411706","display_name":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144","ror":"https://ror.org/04g6bbq64","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anetta Han\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043728874","display_name":"Tomasz Kamil Urbanowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-2764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-2764"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120230055","display_name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02zbb2597","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53150968","display_name":"Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione","ror":"https://ror.org/04dxgvn87","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53150968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT","PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Urbanowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, \u00bd D\u0142uga, 61-848 Poznan, Poland","Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Area (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy","Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-2764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, \u00bd D\u0142uga, 61-848 Poznan, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120230055"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Precision Medicine in Medical Surgical and Critical Area (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research, IRCCS ISMETT, 90127 Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53150968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043728874","https://openalex.org/A5060761564"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120230055","https://openalex.org/I3019271933","https://openalex.org/I4210139119","https://openalex.org/I4210148386","https://openalex.org/I53150968","https://openalex.org/I900890020"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80572988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"21","first_page":"3510","last_page":"3510"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.9038000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.029200000688433647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sglt2-inhibitors","display_name":"SGLT2 inhibitors","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-elements","display_name":"trace elements","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"copper","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selenium","display_name":"selenium","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnesium","display_name":"magnesium","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-trace-element-concentrations","display_name":"serum trace element concentrations","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-function","display_name":"renal function","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimated-glomerular-filtration-rate","display_name":"estimated glomerular filtration rate","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid-metabolites","display_name":"amino acid metabolites","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-element-depletion","display_name":"trace element depletion","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ckd-epi-egfr","display_name":"CKD-EPI eGFR","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-discovery-rate-control","display_name":"false discovery rate control","score":0.6140000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159641895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108377937","display_name":"Renal function","level":2,"score":0.6186000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5717999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5544999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.5264000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018260909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1322871","display_name":"Exploratory analysis","level":2,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.3984000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138528620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2510752","display_name":"Explained variation","level":2,"score":0.367900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77411442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181100","display_name":"Urinary system","level":2,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119340705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628597","display_name":"Analysis of covariance","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18213510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/720410","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10447/720410","pdf_url":"https://iris.unipa.it/bitstream/10447/720410/2/nutrients-18-03510.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196289","display_name":"IRIS UniPA (University of Palermo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","host_organization_name":"University of Palermo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/nu18213510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18213510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110785341","display_name":"Nutrients","issn_l":"2072-6643","issn":["2072-6643"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nutrients","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223662990.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223662990.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1875728595","https://openalex.org/W1973870797","https://openalex.org/W1981267246","https://openalex.org/W1984935883","https://openalex.org/W1999042542","https://openalex.org/W2072840355","https://openalex.org/W2073363749","https://openalex.org/W2073935444","https://openalex.org/W2097951289","https://openalex.org/W2101959755","https://openalex.org/W2106617121","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2133714917","https://openalex.org/W2145018840","https://openalex.org/W2146264128","https://openalex.org/W2157405334","https://openalex.org/W2213006009","https://openalex.org/W2275737843","https://openalex.org/W2409583355","https://openalex.org/W2418869077","https://openalex.org/W2492672367","https://openalex.org/W2508112571","https://openalex.org/W2626446274","https://openalex.org/W2791848894","https://openalex.org/W2799518691","https://openalex.org/W2884466498","https://openalex.org/W2900413769","https://openalex.org/W2939222610","https://openalex.org/W2948790411","https://openalex.org/W2974260792","https://openalex.org/W2979968423","https://openalex.org/W2999455983","https://openalex.org/W3009049692","https://openalex.org/W3081830235","https://openalex.org/W3088173406","https://openalex.org/W3092379111","https://openalex.org/W3193297191","https://openalex.org/W3200824218","https://openalex.org/W3201595862","https://openalex.org/W4211062186","https://openalex.org/W4239219627","https://openalex.org/W4281940206","https://openalex.org/W4293354639","https://openalex.org/W4308183941","https://openalex.org/W4394894358","https://openalex.org/W4417121491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2418869077","https://openalex.org/W4366989987","https://openalex.org/W4386768291","https://openalex.org/W2618447273","https://openalex.org/W2758090066","https://openalex.org/W4396992869","https://openalex.org/W4213026307","https://openalex.org/W7213361200","https://openalex.org/W4415474510","https://openalex.org/W3161308336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Sodium\u2013glucose":[1],"cotransporter-2":[2],"inhibitors":[3],"(SGLT2is)":[4],"exert":[5],"metabolic":[6],"and":[7,38,47,64,112,146,158,187,199,230,256,298,307,319,330,348,355],"renal":[8,45],"effects":[9],"extending":[10],"beyond":[11],"glycemic":[12],"control,":[13],"yet":[14],"their":[15],"relationship":[16],"with":[17,32,41,82,152,166,233,278,282,352],"circulating":[18,154,285],"trace-element":[19,270],"profiles":[20],"remains":[21],"poorly":[22],"characterized.":[23],"We":[24],"investigated":[25],"whether":[26,360],"prevalent":[27,73],"SGLT2i":[28,74,87,95,164,274],"use":[29,275],"was":[30,225,280],"associated":[31,232,281],"differences":[33],"in":[34,163],"serum":[35,61],"trace":[36,62,290,325],"elements":[37,63],"targeted":[39,65],"metabolites,":[40],"particular":[42],"attention":[43],"to":[44,72,244,338,358],"function":[46],"the":[48,102,108,173,193,217,220,301,361,369],"possibility":[49],"of":[50,107,216,263,321,335,376],"a":[51,211,264,374],"shared":[52,269],"multielement":[53],"phenotype.":[54],"Methods:":[55],"In":[56,172],"this":[57,250,336],"exploratory":[58],"cross-sectional":[59,312],"study,":[60],"amino":[66],"acid":[67],"metabolites":[68],"were":[69,117,122,161],"evaluated":[70],"according":[71],"exposure.":[75],"The":[76,311],"principal":[77],"clinical":[78,317,371],"comparison":[79],"comprised":[80],"participants":[81,151,229,277],"diabetes":[83],"mellitus":[84],"(DM)":[85],"receiving":[86,94],"(n":[88,96],"=":[89,97,185,190,205,239,247],"6)":[90],"versus":[91],"those":[92],"not":[93,202,258],"10).":[98],"Secondary":[99],"analyses":[100,116],"incorporated":[101],"broader":[103],"three-group":[104],"cohort.":[105],"Because":[106],"small":[109,314],"exposed":[110,315],"group":[111],"nonrandom":[113],"treatment":[114,328,367],"allocation,":[115],"considered":[118,346],"hypothesis-generating.":[119],"Group":[120],"comparisons":[121],"complemented":[123],"by":[124],"permutation":[125],"testing,":[126],"regression":[127],"adjusted":[128],"for":[129],"recalculated":[130],"uncapped":[131],"2021":[132],"CKD-EPI":[133],"estimated":[134],"glomerular":[135],"filtration":[136],"rate":[137],"(eGFR),":[138],"false-discovery-rate":[139],"correction,":[140,295],"inter-element":[141],"correlation":[142],"analysis,":[143,145],"principal-component":[144,208],"influence":[147],"diagnostics.":[148],"Results:":[149],"Among":[150],"DM,":[153],"Cu,":[155],"Mg,":[156],"Se,":[157],"Zn":[159,200,308],"concentrations":[160,286],"lower":[162,226,284],"users,":[165],"concordant":[167],"directions":[168],"across":[169,179,219,287],"complementary":[170],"analyses.":[171],"secondary":[174],"analysis":[175,209],"incorporating":[176],"multiplicity":[177,294],"correction":[178],"eight":[180],"molecular":[181],"outcomes,":[182],"Cu":[183,297],"(q":[184,189],"0.015)":[186],"Se":[188,299],"0.047)":[191],"met":[192,300],"prespecified":[194,302],"FDR":[195,303],"threshold,":[196,304],"whereas":[197,305],"Mg":[198,306],"did":[201,309],"(both":[203],"q":[204],"0.051).":[206],"Exploratory":[207],"identified":[210],"first":[212],"component":[213,251],"explaining":[214],"70.8%":[215],"variance":[218],"four":[221],"measured":[222,289],"elements.":[223],"PC1":[224],"among":[227,276],"SGLT2i-treated":[228],"remained":[231],"exposure":[234],"after":[235,293],"eGFR":[236],"adjustment":[237],"(\u03b2":[238],"\u22122.43,":[240],"95%":[241],"CI":[242],"\u22124.22":[243],"\u22120.65;":[245],"p":[246],"0.008);":[248],"however,":[249,292],"represents":[252],"statistical":[253],"covariance":[254],"only":[255,296],"should":[257,343],"be":[259,345],"interpreted":[260],"as":[261],"evidence":[262],"common":[265],"biological":[266],"mechanism":[267],"or":[268,373],"depletion.":[271],"Conclusions:":[272],"Prevalent":[273],"DM":[279],"directionally":[283],"several":[288],"elements;":[291],"not.":[310],"design,":[313],"subgroup,":[316],"imbalance,":[318],"absence":[320],"pretreatment,":[322],"dietary,":[323],"urinary":[324],"element,":[326],"inflammatory,":[327],"duration,":[329],"adherence":[331],"data":[332],"preclude":[333],"attribution":[334],"pattern":[337],"SGLT2":[339],"inhibition.":[340],"These":[341],"findings":[342],"therefore":[344],"hypothesis-generating":[347],"warrant":[349],"prospective":[350],"validation":[351],"serial":[353],"pre-":[354],"post-treatment":[356],"measurements":[357],"determine":[359],"observed":[362],"phenotype":[363],"reflects":[364],"pharmacological":[365],"effects,":[366],"selection,":[368],"underlying":[370],"phenotype,":[372],"combination":[375],"these":[377],"factors.":[378]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-27T00:00:00"}