{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223567474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140","title":"A comprehensive suitability assessment framework for low impact development (LID) incorporating life-cycle carbon benefits: A case study in Wuhan, China","display_name":"A comprehensive suitability assessment framework for low impact development (LID) incorporating life-cycle carbon benefits: A case study in Wuhan, China","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223567474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581826010384/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898247721","display_name":"Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies","issn_l":"2214-5818","issn":["2214-5818"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581826010384/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101876972","display_name":"Siqi Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9715-3901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9715-3901"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090238","display_name":"Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00bh8v131","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090238"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430010, China","State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9715-3901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430010, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159483370","display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430014, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430014, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159517030","display_name":"Xiangqian Xiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270801","display_name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction","ror":"https://ror.org/01bh6gs84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270801"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangqian Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China","State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4405270801"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068504032","display_name":"Guocai Hao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guocai Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430014, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430014, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103087952","display_name":"Jingwen Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8158-9044","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8158-9044","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-4165"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwen Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430014, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Ecology and Environment Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430014, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772794","display_name":"Jun Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-2662","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1123-2662","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5267-5155"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270801","display_name":"Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction","ror":"https://ror.org/01bh6gs84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270801"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China","State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4405270801"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159483370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2600},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71076226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":null,"first_page":"104140","last_page":"104140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11119","display_name":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11119","display_name":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13477","display_name":"Sustainable Design and Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-impact-development","display_name":"low impact development","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-pluvial-flooding","display_name":"urban pluvial flooding","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stormwater-management","display_name":"stormwater management","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permeable-pavement","display_name":"permeable pavement","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioretention-cells","display_name":"bioretention cells","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"multi-objective optimization","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sponge-city","display_name":"sponge city","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-mitigation","display_name":"carbon mitigation","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wuhan","display_name":"Wuhan","score":0.8240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778396350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915241","display_name":"Bioretention","level":4,"score":0.8629000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122885670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6432882","display_name":"Low-impact development","level":5,"score":0.8281999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6552000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.6126000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.505299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539955404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187968","display_name":"Flood control","level":3,"score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50477045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1444790","display_name":"Surface runoff","level":2,"score":0.48489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.4805999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777420705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5460072","display_name":"Flood mitigation","level":3,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.47130000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.47119998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992516717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421263","display_name":"Stormwater management","level":4,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.39430001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780057273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427027","display_name":"Green infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173051318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421263","display_name":"Stormwater","level":3,"score":0.38850000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149677717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611523","display_name":"Carbon sink","level":3,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776093225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6134303","display_name":"Storm Water Management Model","level":4,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22884784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15305550","display_name":"Carbon sequestration","level":3,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159440372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635542","display_name":"Suitability analysis","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509746633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898653","display_name":"Climate change mitigation","level":3,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.2824000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2668921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434713","display_name":"Impervious surface","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191172861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7899321","display_name":"Upstream (networking)","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C487182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192042","display_name":"Urban sprawl","level":3,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581826010384/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898247721","display_name":"Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies","issn_l":"2214-5818","issn":["2214-5818"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:58541e5ea6414c6283c54063c23757ee","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/58541e5ea6414c6283c54063c23757ee","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, Vol 68, Iss , Pp 104140- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104140","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581826010384/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898247721","display_name":"Journal of Hydrology Regional Studies","issn_l":"2214-5818","issn":["2214-5818"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.8571000099182129,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223567474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223567474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006719207","https://openalex.org/W2054516696","https://openalex.org/W2066519167","https://openalex.org/W2092553756","https://openalex.org/W2562398731","https://openalex.org/W2590791810","https://openalex.org/W2776860805","https://openalex.org/W2800607500","https://openalex.org/W2884138079","https://openalex.org/W2884280223","https://openalex.org/W2886185486","https://openalex.org/W2897993046","https://openalex.org/W2963168682","https://openalex.org/W2966874959","https://openalex.org/W2970064715","https://openalex.org/W2970710509","https://openalex.org/W2974238776","https://openalex.org/W3014700309","https://openalex.org/W3081611345","https://openalex.org/W3128790442","https://openalex.org/W3215126789","https://openalex.org/W4229079420","https://openalex.org/W4281621621","https://openalex.org/W4283155837","https://openalex.org/W4285090081","https://openalex.org/W4293331369","https://openalex.org/W4311683013","https://openalex.org/W4315652459","https://openalex.org/W4383262837","https://openalex.org/W4384701243","https://openalex.org/W4386934619","https://openalex.org/W4389625559","https://openalex.org/W4389861124","https://openalex.org/W4389968004","https://openalex.org/W4393388890","https://openalex.org/W4400248166","https://openalex.org/W4402060786","https://openalex.org/W4403667242","https://openalex.org/W4403745075","https://openalex.org/W4407063836","https://openalex.org/W4407115588","https://openalex.org/W4407243972","https://openalex.org/W4408524360","https://openalex.org/W4410622084","https://openalex.org/W4411034580","https://openalex.org/W4411085842","https://openalex.org/W4411106577","https://openalex.org/W4411506455","https://openalex.org/W4413945750","https://openalex.org/W4414444148","https://openalex.org/W7121693436","https://openalex.org/W7139009713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3031203794","https://openalex.org/W7117164290","https://openalex.org/W7222592312","https://openalex.org/W4281614596","https://openalex.org/W2914396465","https://openalex.org/W3202169546","https://openalex.org/W4400522133","https://openalex.org/W4285090081","https://openalex.org/W2327371627","https://openalex.org/W3170166938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Study":[0,14],"region":[1,139],"The":[2,106,140,200],"study":[3],"area":[4,172],"is":[5,108],"located":[6],"in":[7,110,196,221],"Qingshan":[8],"District,":[9],"Wuhan,":[10,111],"Hubei":[11],"Province,":[12],"China.":[13],"focus":[15,75],"Under":[16],"the":[17,138,165,178,187],"combined":[18],"influences":[19],"of":[20,82,148,189],"climate":[21],"change":[22],"and":[23,32,60,102,120,168,218],"rapid":[24],"urbanization,":[25],"urban":[26,37],"pluvial":[27],"flooding":[28],"increasingly":[29],"threatens":[30],"infrastructure":[31],"public":[33],"safety.":[34],"Concurrently,":[35],"accelerated":[36],"development":[38,46,220],"has":[39],"intensified":[40],"carbon-related":[41],"environmental":[42],"pressures.":[43],"Low":[44],"impact":[45],"(LID)":[47],"emerges":[48],"as":[49,123,160],"an":[50,90],"effective":[51],"strategy":[52],"for":[53,70,137],"mitigating":[54],"urbanization":[55],"impacts":[56],"through":[57],"stormwater":[58],"control":[59],"its":[61],"carbon":[62,83,96,162,175,198],"mitigation":[63],"potential.":[64],"However,":[65],"existing":[66],"LID":[67,99,171],"suitability":[68,104,202],"assessments":[69],"high-performance":[71],"scheme":[72],"design":[73],"mainly":[74],"on":[76],"hydrological":[77,135],"performance,":[78],"with":[79,145,177],"limited":[80],"consideration":[81],"processes.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86],"study,":[87],"we":[88],"develop":[89],"integrated":[91],"framework":[92,107],"that":[93,143],"incorporates":[94],"life-cycle":[95],"benefits":[97],"into":[98],"multi-objective":[100],"optimization":[101],"multi-criteria":[103],"evaluation.":[105],"applied":[109],"a":[112],"national":[113],"Sponge":[114,222],"City":[115,223],"pilot,":[116],"using":[117],"permeable":[118,149],"pavements":[119,150],"bioretention":[121,190],"cells":[122,191],"representative":[124],"measures":[125],"to":[126,181,215],"derive":[127],"optimal":[128],"configurations":[129],"under":[130,210],"different":[131],"planning":[132],"objectives.":[133],"New":[134],"insights":[136],"results":[141],"indicate":[142],"schemes":[144,158],"higher":[146],"proportions":[147],"achieve":[151],"better":[152],"runoff":[153],"regulation":[154],"performance.":[155],"All":[156],"optimized":[157],"act":[159],"net":[161,197],"sinks":[163],"over":[164],"life":[166],"cycle,":[167],"increasing":[169,186],"total":[170],"significantly":[173],"enhances":[174],"mitigation,":[176],"reduction":[179],"up":[180],"\u221226.4":[182],"Kt":[183],"CO\u2082.":[184],"Moreover,":[185],"proportion":[188],"produces":[192],"pronounced":[193],"non-linear":[194],"gains":[195],"reduction.":[199],"developed":[201],"assessment":[203],"method":[204],"can":[205],"effectively":[206],"balance":[207],"multiple":[208],"objectives":[209],"varying":[211],"implementation":[212],"priorities,":[213],"contributing":[214],"flood":[216],"management":[217],"low-carbon":[219],"construction.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-26T00:00:00"}