{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223564671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2026.10165","title":"Gay Rights in the Age of Democratic Backsliding: Bolsonaro\u2019s Brazil with Reflections on the United States","display_name":"Gay Rights in the Age of Democratic Backsliding: Bolsonaro\u2019s Brazil with Reflections on the United States","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223564671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2026.10165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/lar.2026.10165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2026.10165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2026.10165","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0DE90BB01AC8F4F658573B758DFD49DF/S1542427826101655a.pdf/div-class-title-gay-rights-in-the-age-of-democratic-backsliding-bolsonaro-s-brazil-with-reflections-on-the-united-states-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59607649","display_name":"Latin American Research Review","issn_l":"0023-8791","issn":["0023-8791","1542-4278"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","latindex","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Latin American Research Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0DE90BB01AC8F4F658573B758DFD49DF/S1542427826101655a.pdf/div-class-title-gay-rights-in-the-age-of-democratic-backsliding-bolsonaro-s-brazil-with-reflections-on-the-united-states-div.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088860727","display_name":"Omar G. Encarnaci\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-805X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-805X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39661318","display_name":"Bard College","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrgt058","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39661318"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omar G. Encarnaci\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bard College"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-805X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bard College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39661318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088860727"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39661318"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94288753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13684","display_name":"Political Dynamics in Latin America","score":0.2904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13684","display_name":"Political Dynamics in Latin America","score":0.2904999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12987","display_name":"Religion and Society in Latin America","score":0.14470000565052032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11397","display_name":"Populism, Right-Wing Movements","score":0.1071000024676323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gay-rights","display_name":"gay rights","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-backsliding","display_name":"democratic backsliding","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jair-bolsonaro","display_name":"Jair Bolsonaro","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brazil","display_name":"Brazil","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-resilience","display_name":"democratic resilience","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminalization-of-homophobia","display_name":"criminalization of homophobia","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transphobia","display_name":"transphobia","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-framing","display_name":"human rights framing","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illiberalism","display_name":"illiberalism","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-politics","display_name":"comparative politics","score":0.3479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.7641000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.6373000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.619700014591217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5957000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780652975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761413","display_name":"Criminalization","level":2,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994292661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17898","display_name":"Gay rights","level":3,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776001192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6636","display_name":"Homosexuality","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95691615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3237872","display_name":"Fundamental rights","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/lar.2026.10165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2026.10165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2026.10165","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0DE90BB01AC8F4F658573B758DFD49DF/S1542427826101655a.pdf/div-class-title-gay-rights-in-the-age-of-democratic-backsliding-bolsonaro-s-brazil-with-reflections-on-the-united-states-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59607649","display_name":"Latin American Research Review","issn_l":"0023-8791","issn":["0023-8791","1542-4278"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","latindex","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Latin American Research Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b8a43b12aaeb49c6b4ef1697831db1f6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8a43b12aaeb49c6b4ef1697831db1f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Latin American Research Review, Pp 1-19","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/lar.2026.10165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2026.10165","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lar.2026.10165","pdf_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/0DE90BB01AC8F4F658573B758DFD49DF/S1542427826101655a.pdf/div-class-title-gay-rights-in-the-age-of-democratic-backsliding-bolsonaro-s-brazil-with-reflections-on-the-united-states-div.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59607649","display_name":"Latin American Research Review","issn_l":"0023-8791","issn":["0023-8791","1542-4278"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","latindex","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Latin American Research Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223564671.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223564671.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408716240","https://openalex.org/W7215675445","https://openalex.org/W2495800780","https://openalex.org/W2001121790","https://openalex.org/W4412655168","https://openalex.org/W2785780486","https://openalex.org/W2803016533","https://openalex.org/W3084080083","https://openalex.org/W4409039821","https://openalex.org/W6999714056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Democratic":[1],"backsliding":[2,49],"is":[3,14,132,145],"widely":[4],"recognized":[5],"as":[6,38,153,160],"a":[7,123,154,161],"threat":[8],"to":[9,28,107,119,127,147],"gay":[10,46,57,72,85,100,137,151],"rights,":[11],"but":[12,79],"it":[13],"far":[15],"from":[16,26],"clear":[17],"why":[18],"the":[19,33,39,43,54,63,108,114,133,148],"impact":[20],"of":[21,45,56,68,89,116,136,150],"this":[22,142],"political":[23,117],"malaise":[24],"varies":[25],"country":[27],"country.":[29],"This":[30],"article":[31,143],"makes":[32],"case":[34],"for":[35],"two":[36],"variables":[37],"key":[40],"factors":[41],"shaping":[42],"fate":[44],"rights":[47,73,86,101,138,152,156],"in":[48,74,102,105,139],"democracies:":[50],"democratic":[51,128],"resilience":[52],"and":[53,65,91,122],"grounding":[55,135],"rights.":[58],"It":[59],"shows":[60,98],"how":[61],"under":[62,93],"illiberal":[64],"homophobic":[66],"administration":[67],"Jair":[69],"Bolsonaro":[70],"(2019\u20132022),":[71],"Brazil":[75,103],"not":[76],"only":[77],"survived":[78],"also":[80],"thrived.":[81],"The":[82,96],"country\u2019s":[83],"biggest":[84],"victory\u2014the":[87],"criminalization":[88],"homophobia":[90],"transphobia\u2014came":[92],"Bolsonaro\u2019s":[94],"watch.":[95],"analysis":[97],"that":[99],"(and":[104],"contrast":[106],"United":[109],"States)":[110],"were":[111],"protected":[112],"by":[113],"capacity":[115],"institutions":[118],"defend":[120],"democracy":[121],"robust":[124],"civic":[125],"response":[126],"threats.":[129],"Less":[130],"apparent":[131],"firm":[134],"Brazil,":[140],"which":[141],"argues":[144],"owed":[146],"framing":[149],"human":[155],"matter":[157],"rather":[158],"than":[159],"legal":[162],"issue.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-26T00:00:00"}
