{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223449732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","title":"Phthalates exposure and gastrointestinal health: a comprehensive review of toxic mechanisms and emerging mitigation strategies","display_name":"Phthalates exposure and gastrointestinal health: a comprehensive review of toxic mechanisms and emerging mitigation strategies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223449732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42990881","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13734855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666027X26000435/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216408","display_name":"Current Research in Toxicology","issn_l":"2666-027X","issn":["2666-027X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","oarl","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Research in Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666027X26000435/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111034081","display_name":"Choirul Anwar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choirul Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010317920","display_name":"Pitchurajan Krishna Perumal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6615-0397","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6615-0397"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pitchurajan Krishna Perumal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102863329","display_name":"Ping\u2010Chi Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-1463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-1463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-Chi Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040090758","display_name":"Ching\u2010Shu Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-424X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4167-424X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Shu Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 81157, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040090758"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"],"apc_list":{"value":2440,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2440},"apc_paid":{"value":2440,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2440},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57066667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"100322","last_page":"100322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10686","display_name":"Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10686","display_name":"Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.039400000125169754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10365","display_name":"Gastrointestinal motility and disorders","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phthalates","display_name":"phthalates","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasticizers","display_name":"plasticizers","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-exposure","display_name":"dietary exposure","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-toxicity","display_name":"gastrointestinal toxicity","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-bowel-disease","display_name":"inflammatory bowel disease","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-barrier-function","display_name":"intestinal barrier function","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tight-junctions","display_name":"tight junctions","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucus-secretion","display_name":"mucus secretion","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-inflammation","display_name":"intestinal inflammation","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enteroendocrine-cells","display_name":"enteroendocrine cells","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enteric-glial-cells","display_name":"enteric glial cells","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-brain-axis","display_name":"gut-brain axis","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-motility","display_name":"intestinal motility","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyphenols","display_name":"polyphenols","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flavonoids","display_name":"flavonoids","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prebiotics","display_name":"prebiotics","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-safety","display_name":"food safety","score":0.5440000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.555400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46699223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11078","display_name":"Endocrine system","level":3,"score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778260677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917447","display_name":"Inflammatory bowel disease","level":3,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103395026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380231","display_name":"Enteroendocrine cell","level":4,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4255000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51911345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4863604","display_name":"Barrier function","level":2,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177857423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17077315","display_name":"Gut\u2013brain axis","level":3,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908762490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145339","display_name":"Gastrointestinal epithelium","level":3,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777312293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3649349","display_name":"Mucus","level":2,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780862370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138899","display_name":"Endocrine disruptor","level":4,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177779419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053832","display_name":"Tight junction","level":2,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422269","display_name":"Ghrelin","level":3,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780512811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11829360","display_name":"Gastrointestinal tract","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172268261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4764988","display_name":"Animal studies","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192989942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68685","display_name":"Metabolic pathway","level":3,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781077229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q509615","display_name":"Intestinal epithelium","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776460866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170065","display_name":"Pathogen","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125370674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480","display_name":"Stressor","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019368612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154506","display_name":"Intestinal mucosa","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777439022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586582","display_name":"Enteric nervous system","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666027X26000435/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216408","display_name":"Current Research in Toxicology","issn_l":"2666-027X","issn":["2666-027X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","oarl","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Research in Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42990881","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42990881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current research in toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13734855","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13734855/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Curr Res Toxicol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6a7fc20414434079bf4d0357865ddde6","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6a7fc20414434079bf4d0357865ddde6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Current Research in Toxicology, Vol 11, Iss , Pp 100322-","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2026.100322","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666027X26000435/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210216408","display_name":"Current Research in Toxicology","issn_l":"2666-027X","issn":["2666-027X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","oarl","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Research in Toxicology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223449732.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223449732.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1794576454","https://openalex.org/W2040201181","https://openalex.org/W2060544572","https://openalex.org/W2068206647","https://openalex.org/W2072757718","https://openalex.org/W2083119809","https://openalex.org/W2085062842","https://openalex.org/W2151598904","https://openalex.org/W2336158893","https://openalex.org/W2469014994","https://openalex.org/W2599983991","https://openalex.org/W2801670369","https://openalex.org/W2889977344","https://openalex.org/W2891057921","https://openalex.org/W2901782185","https://openalex.org/W2907669409","https://openalex.org/W2911448907","https://openalex.org/W2953511889","https://openalex.org/W2955846452","https://openalex.org/W3005869840","https://openalex.org/W3011820209","https://openalex.org/W3083668462","https://openalex.org/W3096500910","https://openalex.org/W3103912438","https://openalex.org/W3121734311","https://openalex.org/W3129921653","https://openalex.org/W3137619127","https://openalex.org/W3151426092","https://openalex.org/W3164071574","https://openalex.org/W3170716817","https://openalex.org/W3172110916","https://openalex.org/W3179905314","https://openalex.org/W3183804075","https://openalex.org/W3197292903","https://openalex.org/W3210363449","https://openalex.org/W3211073410","https://openalex.org/W3213457804","https://openalex.org/W4210446926","https://openalex.org/W4220852461","https://openalex.org/W4220944903","https://openalex.org/W4223923503","https://openalex.org/W4281383341","https://openalex.org/W4307725489","https://openalex.org/W4308154019","https://openalex.org/W4308928074","https://openalex.org/W4318049978","https://openalex.org/W4324044989","https://openalex.org/W4361223994","https://openalex.org/W4378966165","https://openalex.org/W4380715000","https://openalex.org/W4385597030","https://openalex.org/W4386484444","https://openalex.org/W4388461974","https://openalex.org/W4388664638","https://openalex.org/W4389001027","https://openalex.org/W4389673851","https://openalex.org/W4390488904","https://openalex.org/W4391340045","https://openalex.org/W4392101672","https://openalex.org/W4394734108","https://openalex.org/W4400002774","https://openalex.org/W4401281351","https://openalex.org/W4401324222","https://openalex.org/W4401793250","https://openalex.org/W4403587553","https://openalex.org/W4405142663","https://openalex.org/W4405963610","https://openalex.org/W4405996959","https://openalex.org/W4406026287","https://openalex.org/W4406303234","https://openalex.org/W4408477671","https://openalex.org/W4409156319","https://openalex.org/W4409481772","https://openalex.org/W4410562740","https://openalex.org/W4410746270","https://openalex.org/W4410746584","https://openalex.org/W4411436167","https://openalex.org/W4412053393","https://openalex.org/W4412557742","https://openalex.org/W4412841873","https://openalex.org/W4413384318","https://openalex.org/W4413444845","https://openalex.org/W4413883400","https://openalex.org/W4415546845","https://openalex.org/W4415614195","https://openalex.org/W4415837495","https://openalex.org/W4416793199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386484444","https://openalex.org/W4410746270","https://openalex.org/W7118234192","https://openalex.org/W4403106249","https://openalex.org/W2341320715","https://openalex.org/W4410264258","https://openalex.org/W4390488904","https://openalex.org/W7217443147","https://openalex.org/W4409416166","https://openalex.org/W3047454076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phthalates":[0],"are":[1],"widely":[2],"used":[3],"plasticizers":[4],"that":[5,22,47],"can":[6],"leach":[7],"into":[8],"food":[9,16],"products,":[10],"making":[11],"dietary":[12],"exposure":[13],"a":[14],"significant":[15],"safety":[17],"concern.":[18],"Increasing":[19],"evidence":[20,129],"indicates":[21],"phthalates":[23,48,85],"adversely":[24],"affect":[25],"gastrointestinal":[26,135],"health":[27],"and":[28,41,54,62,80,97,109,121,137,147],"contribute":[29],"to":[30],"the":[31],"development":[32],"of":[33],"inflammatory":[34],"bowel":[35],"disease":[36],"(IBD),":[37],"metabolic":[38,55],"disorders,":[39],"diabetes,":[40],"cardiovascular":[42],"disease.":[43],"Mechanistic":[44],"studies":[45],"demonstrate":[46],"disrupt":[49],"gut":[50],"microbiota":[51],"composition,":[52],"diversity,":[53],"activity,":[56],"compromising":[57],"microbial":[58],"barrier":[59,70],"function":[60,71],"integrity":[61],"facilitating":[63],"pathogen":[64],"translocation.":[65],"They":[66],"also":[67],"impair":[68],"intestinal":[69,87,123],"by":[72,89],"reducing":[73],"mucus":[74],"secretion,":[75,117],"altering":[76],"tight":[77],"junction":[78],"proteins,":[79],"increasing":[81],"epithelial":[82],"permeability.":[83],"Furthermore,":[84],"promote":[86],"inflammation":[88],"enhancing":[90],"pro-inflammatory":[91],"cytokine":[92],"production,":[93],"suppressing":[94],"anti-inflammatory":[95],"responses,":[96],"disrupting":[98],"immune":[99],"cell":[100],"homeostasis.":[101],"Emerging":[102],"findings":[103],"reveal":[104],"detrimental":[105],"effects":[106],"on":[107,130],"enteroendocrine":[108],"enteric":[110],"glial":[111],"cells,":[112],"resulting":[113],"in":[114],"altered":[115],"hormone":[116],"impaired":[118],"gut-brain":[119],"signaling,":[120],"disrupted":[122],"motility.":[124],"This":[125],"review":[126],"summarizes":[127],"current":[128],"molecular":[131],"mechanisms":[132],"underlying":[133],"phthalate-induced":[134],"toxicity":[136],"highlights":[138],"potential":[139],"mitigation":[140],"strategies,":[141],"including":[142],"polyphenols,":[143],"flavonoids,":[144],"probiotics,":[145],"prebiotics,":[146],"pharmacological":[148],"interventions.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-25T00:00:00"}