{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223415809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z","title":"A machine-learning approach to high-throughput spatially resolved ARPES measurements","display_name":"A machine-learning approach to high-throughput spatially resolved ARPES measurements","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223415809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-75986-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-75986-z_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056417988","display_name":"Masaki Imamura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-3524","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-3524"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177136067","display_name":"Saga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f4wg107","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Imamura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synchrotron Light Application Center Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-3524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synchrotron Light Application Center Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008049374","display_name":"Daijiro Koga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177136067","display_name":"Saga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f4wg107","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daijiro Koga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synchrotron Light Application Center Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synchrotron Light Application Center Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159332652","display_name":"Kazutoshi Takahashi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177136067","display_name":"Saga University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f4wg107","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazutoshi Takahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synchrotron Light Application Center Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synchrotron Light Application Center Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056417988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177136067"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68161319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12039","display_name":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12039","display_name":"Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11948","display_name":"Machine Learning in Materials Science","score":0.06840000301599503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.01119999960064888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-resolved-photoemission-spectroscopy","display_name":"angle-resolved photoemission","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-classification","display_name":"domain classification","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"signal-to-noise ratio","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-throughput-measurement","display_name":"high-throughput measurement","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"spectral dimensionality reduction","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-clustering","display_name":"spectral clustering","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-electronic-structure","display_name":"local electronic structure","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-degradation","display_name":"sample degradation","score":0.5370000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156390739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000635","display_name":"Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.7325000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.6068999767303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5737000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.5425000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.5112000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.40529999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4034000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.2793999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41999313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328","display_name":"Molecular physics","level":1,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-75986-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-75986-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-75986-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3261621907","display_name":"Control of topological electronic state of bismuth atomic layer using epitaxial strain","funder_award_id":"20K03821","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5837404347","display_name":"Lattice strain and topological electronic state of honeycomb bismuthene","funder_award_id":"24K06927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223415809.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223415809.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502303294","https://openalex.org/W1985998911","https://openalex.org/W2138159532","https://openalex.org/W2561870308","https://openalex.org/W2591446771","https://openalex.org/W2593311939","https://openalex.org/W2797775894","https://openalex.org/W2929459995","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3046749106","https://openalex.org/W3161797053","https://openalex.org/W3182399364","https://openalex.org/W3193408754","https://openalex.org/W3216306219","https://openalex.org/W4213029738","https://openalex.org/W4221145575","https://openalex.org/W4281381923","https://openalex.org/W4312118359","https://openalex.org/W4317500690","https://openalex.org/W4367622603","https://openalex.org/W4381331541","https://openalex.org/W4385568552","https://openalex.org/W4386516397","https://openalex.org/W4390264093","https://openalex.org/W4402748859","https://openalex.org/W4403423135","https://openalex.org/W4403893575","https://openalex.org/W4416949772","https://openalex.org/W4417268276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2417179722","https://openalex.org/W7146872208","https://openalex.org/W2900472770","https://openalex.org/W7009405906","https://openalex.org/W4405039887","https://openalex.org/W4226353785","https://openalex.org/W7098223888","https://openalex.org/W4362606818","https://openalex.org/W4390264093","https://openalex.org/W7144400746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Spatially":[1],"resolved":[2,60,157],"angle-resolved":[3],"photoemission":[4],"spectroscopy":[5],"(ARPES)":[6],"is":[7,111,123],"a":[8,104,126],"powerful":[9],"technique":[10],"for":[11,114],"mapping":[12],"local":[13],"electronic":[14],"structures,":[15,45],"but":[16],"it":[17],"requires":[18],"long":[19],"measurement":[20],"times":[21,73],"to":[22],"achieve":[23],"sufficient":[24],"signal-to-noise":[25],"ratio":[26],"(SNR)":[27],"at":[28,103],"each":[29,121,150],"spatial":[30,53],"point.":[31],"This":[32],"constraint":[33],"limits":[34],"beamtime":[35],"efficiency":[36],"and":[37],"exacerbates":[38],"sample":[39],"degradation.":[40],"In":[41],"samples":[42],"with":[43,84,140],"domain":[44,76,115,122,152],"however,":[46],"similar":[47],"spectra":[48,148],"are":[49],"repeatedly":[50],"measured":[51,131],"across":[52],"positions,":[54],"creating":[55],"substantial":[56],"redundancy":[57],"in":[58],"spatially":[59,156],"ARPES":[61,158],"datasets.":[62],"Here":[63],"we":[64],"systematically":[65],"evaluate":[66],"how":[67],"SNR":[68],"degradation":[69,101],"from":[70],"reduced":[71],"acquisition":[72],"affects":[74],"unsupervised":[75],"classification.":[77],"PCA-based":[78],"dimensionality":[79,109],"reduction":[80,110],"maintained":[81],"high":[82],"agreement":[83],"the":[85,117,130,145],"high-SNR":[86,106],"reference":[87],"classification":[88,161],"even":[89],"under":[90],"low-SNR":[91],"conditions,":[92],"whereas":[93],"direct":[94,127],"clustering":[95],"of":[96,120,129,147],"spectral":[97,142],"vectors":[98],"showed":[99],"rapid":[100],"beginning":[102],"relatively":[105],"regime.":[107],"Because":[108],"applied":[112],"solely":[113],"classification,":[116],"representative":[118],"spectrum":[119],"obtained":[124],"as":[125],"average":[128],"data.":[132],"These":[133],"results":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"that":[136],"combining":[137],"short-acquisition":[138],"measurements":[139],"intra-domain":[141],"averaging":[143],"through":[144],"co-addition":[146],"within":[149],"classified":[151],"can":[153],"substantially":[154],"accelerate":[155],"while":[159],"preserving":[160],"accuracy.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}
