{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223383786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996","title":"Examining the Influence of Displaced Populations on Tuberculosis Transmission: A Benue State Case Study","display_name":"Examining the Influence of Displaced Populations on Tuberculosis Transmission: A Benue State Case Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223383786","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/23/2026.10.20.26365996.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/23/2026.10.20.26365996.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159314167","display_name":"Uduak Ikoedem Bassey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Uduak Bassey","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNCV Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNCV Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032618492","display_name":"Temidayo Fawole","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Temidayo Fawole","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNCV Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNCV Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159309054","display_name":"Ndifreke Thompson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thompson Ndifreke","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNCV Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNCV Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007142151","display_name":"Bethrand Brian Odume","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-2088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4244-2088"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bethrand Odume","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNCV Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNCV Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057205398","display_name":"Ogoamaka Chukwuogo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-3511","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-3511"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ogoamaka Chukwuogo","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNCV Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNCV Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124022102","display_name":"Eze Chukwu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eze Chukwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNCV Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNCV Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159333095","display_name":"Chiedozie Abagwalatu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiedozie Abagwalatu","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNCV Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNCV Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159339749","display_name":"Ntamu Ntamu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ntamu Ntamu","raw_affiliation_strings":["KNCV Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KNCV Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159314167"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13586","display_name":"HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12578","display_name":"Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"tuberculosis","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displaced-persons","display_name":"displaced persons","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internally-displaced-persons","display_name":"internally displaced persons","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugees","display_name":"refugees","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-screening","display_name":"tuberculosis screening","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-prevalence","display_name":"tuberculosis prevalence","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overcrowding","display_name":"overcrowding","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-diagnosis","display_name":"tuberculosis diagnosis","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benue-state","display_name":"Benue State","score":0.9629999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8374999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.6414999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104513104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837556","display_name":"Displaced person","level":3,"score":0.6237000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13934251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145466","display_name":"Internally displaced person","level":3,"score":0.5993000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.539900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5328999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020808697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163564","display_name":"Case finding","level":3,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.41339999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780639635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4888238","display_name":"Tuberculosis diagnosis","level":4,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186079640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719602","display_name":"Prevalence","level":3,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019041143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Active tuberculosis","level":4,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61470247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7229825","display_name":"Population study","level":3,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.25600001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163432668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623543","display_name":"Primary health care","level":3,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/23/2026.10.20.26365996.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.20.26365996","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/23/2026.10.20.26365996.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223383786.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223383786.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012672796","https://openalex.org/W2031070355","https://openalex.org/W2031107903","https://openalex.org/W2040461057","https://openalex.org/W2059632215","https://openalex.org/W2102063452","https://openalex.org/W2164195765","https://openalex.org/W2884605624","https://openalex.org/W2959573121","https://openalex.org/W3046546445","https://openalex.org/W3049375500","https://openalex.org/W4211162439","https://openalex.org/W4221014849","https://openalex.org/W4289524703","https://openalex.org/W4385342916"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2410304702","https://openalex.org/W7117566641","https://openalex.org/W4411533866","https://openalex.org/W7211959898","https://openalex.org/W4414932643","https://openalex.org/W4360600231","https://openalex.org/W7132842510","https://openalex.org/W1995717052","https://openalex.org/W2530435530","https://openalex.org/W2099161649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Tuberculosis":[2],"(TB)":[3,36],"remains":[4],"a":[5,229],"significant":[6],"public":[7],"health":[8],"challenge,":[9],"particularly":[10],"among":[11,41,55,199],"displaced":[12,42,47,74,101,139,169,211,234],"populations.":[13,77],"These":[14],"environments":[15],"foster":[16],"TB":[17,68,114,137,153,156,173,190,207,231],"transmission":[18],"due":[19],"to":[20],"overcrowding,":[21],"poor":[22],"living":[23],"conditions,":[24],"and":[25,50,70,75,83,103,115,122,155,183,194,243],"inadequate":[26],"healthcare":[27],"access":[28],"Objectives":[29],"To":[30],"compare":[31],"the":[32,56,106,117,130,143,149,164,203,218,222,237],"proportion":[33,131],"of":[34,94,132,151],"tuberculosis":[35],"cases":[37,154,174,180,191],"detected":[38,198],"through":[39],"screening":[40,69,85],"populations":[43,212],"residing":[44],"in":[45,59,87,100,105,138,168,202,210,221,233],"internally":[46],"persons":[48],"(IDP)":[49],"refugee":[51,81],"settings":[52,82,102,140],"with":[53,136,142,177],"that":[54],"general":[57,76,107,144,204,223],"population":[58],"Benue":[60,88],"State,":[61,89],"Nigeria.":[62,90],"Design":[63],"Quantitative":[64],"observational":[65],"study":[66,227],"comparing":[67],"diagnostic":[71,119],"findings":[72],"across":[73],"Setting":[78],"IDP":[79],"camps,":[80],"general-community":[84],"locations":[86],"Participants":[91,109],"A":[92],"total":[93],"1,938":[95],"individuals":[96,134,166,201],"were":[97,110,148,175,197],"screened:":[98],"1,143":[99,165],"795":[104,200],"population.":[108,145,205,224],"assessed":[111],"for":[112,239],"presumptive":[113,152,172],"underwent":[116],"applicable":[118],"evaluation.":[120],"Primary":[121],"secondary":[123],"outcome":[124,128],"measures":[125],"The":[126,206,226],"primary":[127],"was":[129,213],"screened":[133,167],"diagnosed":[135],"compared":[141],"Secondary":[146],"outcomes":[147],"numbers":[150],"diagnoses":[157],"classified":[158],"as":[159],"bacteriologically":[160,182,193],"confirmed.":[161],"Results":[162],"Among":[163],"settings,":[170],"128":[171],"identified,":[176],"46":[178],"confirmed":[179],"(26":[181],"20":[184],"clinically).":[185],"In":[186],"contrast,":[187],"only":[188],"3":[189],"(2":[192],"1":[195],"clinically)":[196],"prevalence":[208],"rate":[209],"4.0%,":[214],"significantly":[215],"higher":[216],"than":[217],"0.4%":[219],"observed":[220],"Conclusions":[225],"confirms":[228],"heightened":[230],"burden":[232],"communities,":[235],"emphasizing":[236],"need":[238],"enhanced":[240],"screening,":[241],"diagnosis,":[242],"treatment":[244],"strategies.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}