{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223374516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74583","title":"Host\u2010Associated School Integration and Behaviour Among Juvenile Caranx crysos and Sarpa salpa in a Shallow Mediterranean Habitat","display_name":"Host\u2010Associated School Integration and Behaviour Among Juvenile Caranx crysos and Sarpa salpa in a Shallow Mediterranean Habitat","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223374516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74583","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42920729","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13691172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.74583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74583","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.74583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.74583","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146472048","display_name":"Valentina Basile","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0719-0292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0719-0292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Basile","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST) University of Calabria  Cosenza Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0719-0292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST) University of Calabria  Cosenza Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020730032","display_name":"Elvira Brunelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-1395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-1395"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Brunelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST) University of Calabria  Cosenza Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3669-1395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST) University of Calabria  Cosenza Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066071662","display_name":"Marcello Mezzasalma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-9831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-9831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Mezzasalma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST) University of Calabria  Cosenza Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7246-9831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST) University of Calabria  Cosenza Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066071662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"],"apc_list":{"value":2570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2570},"apc_paid":{"value":2570,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2570},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8823556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"e74583","last_page":"e74583"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.6288999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.6288999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10230","display_name":"Marine and fisheries research","score":0.19930000603199005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11387","display_name":"Ichthyology and Marine Biology","score":0.06030000001192093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interspecific-association","display_name":"interspecific association","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caranx-crysos","display_name":"Caranx crysos","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarpa-salpa","display_name":"Sarpa salpa","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-fish","display_name":"juvenile fish","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-mimicry","display_name":"social mimicry","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schooling-behavior","display_name":"schooling behavior","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commensalism","display_name":"commensalism","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipredator-behavior","display_name":"antipredator behavior","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intraspecific-competition","display_name":"intraspecific competition","score":0.9340000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63644423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338562","display_name":"Interspecific competition","level":2,"score":0.7993999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.717199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131892835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770985","display_name":"Intraspecific competition","level":2,"score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165287380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916569","display_name":"Foraging","level":2,"score":0.6640999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516282","display_name":"Juvenile","level":2,"score":0.6033999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81461190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167466","display_name":"Temperate climate","level":2,"score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4646841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13996","display_name":"Mediterranean climate","level":2,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.45570001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780351957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204861","display_name":"Teleostei","level":3,"score":0.42730000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45371612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3058587","display_name":"Generalist and specialist species","level":3,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83042747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686881","display_name":"Benthic zone","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157518188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2832888","display_name":"Juvenile fish","level":3,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779043415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986177","display_name":"Mediterranean sea","level":3,"score":0.34950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187898756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395324","display_name":"Agonistic behaviour","level":3,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46325548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59099","display_name":"Herbivore","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7703794","display_name":"Territoriality","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780313869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239590","display_name":"Sparidae","level":3,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.74583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74583","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.74583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13691172","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13691172/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13691172/pdf/ECE3-16-e74583.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecol Evol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42920729","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42920729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and evolution","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a17eac2fec34d6b85cf56c18c903476","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a17eac2fec34d6b85cf56c18c903476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution, Vol 16, Iss 10, Pp n/a-n/a (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.74583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74583","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.74583","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.74583","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223374516.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223374516.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W112728406","https://openalex.org/W1588226093","https://openalex.org/W1974169989","https://openalex.org/W1980574897","https://openalex.org/W1986775587","https://openalex.org/W2027425473","https://openalex.org/W2041721191","https://openalex.org/W2044680442","https://openalex.org/W2050467927","https://openalex.org/W2054412488","https://openalex.org/W2072927345","https://openalex.org/W2075443865","https://openalex.org/W2124950475","https://openalex.org/W2127710046","https://openalex.org/W2146260604","https://openalex.org/W2158842610","https://openalex.org/W2160665385","https://openalex.org/W2167740211","https://openalex.org/W2290195878","https://openalex.org/W2604184533","https://openalex.org/W2617472838","https://openalex.org/W2805480102","https://openalex.org/W2910503831","https://openalex.org/W2953366135","https://openalex.org/W2982643406","https://openalex.org/W3039495207","https://openalex.org/W3110981495","https://openalex.org/W3180771472","https://openalex.org/W4382201872","https://openalex.org/W4408418446","https://openalex.org/W4409598137","https://openalex.org/W4414927801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7153215221","https://openalex.org/W1982884919","https://openalex.org/W4398244610","https://openalex.org/W2179627290","https://openalex.org/W2318242765","https://openalex.org/W2146260604","https://openalex.org/W1987560531","https://openalex.org/W2982643406","https://openalex.org/W7010720760","https://openalex.org/W207783112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Interspecific":[1],"associations":[2],"between":[3],"fishes":[4],"can":[5],"generate":[6],"complex":[7],"behavioural":[8,84,153,181,211],"interactions,":[9],"yet":[10],"their":[11],"occurrence":[12,177],"and":[13,37,62,83,107,132,151,192,195,217],"functional":[14],"significance":[15],"in":[16,43,51,183,213,223],"temperate":[17,214],"marine":[18],"systems":[19],"remain":[20],"poorly":[21],"documented.":[22],"Here":[23],"we":[24],"describe":[25],"a":[26,60,167,179,206],"previously":[27,207],"unreported":[28],"case":[29],"of":[30,39,65,121,158,163,178,210],"host\u2010associated":[31],"behaviour":[32],"involving":[33],"juvenile":[34,40,184],"Caranx":[35],"crysos":[36,53,73,123,186],"schools":[38,78],"Sarpa":[41],"salpa":[42,77,147],"coastal":[44,225],"Mediterranean":[45,224],"habitats.":[46],"Associations":[47],"were":[48],"recorded":[49],"exclusively":[50],"C.":[52,72,122,185],"individuals":[54,120],"\u2264":[55],"15":[56],"cm":[57],"TL,":[58],"suggesting":[59,166],"size\u2010":[61],"context\u2010dependent":[63],"pattern":[64],"association":[66,91],"with":[67,87,155],"the":[68,126,139,143,176],"host":[69,113,140,144],"schools.":[70],"Juvenile":[71],"integrated":[74],"into":[75],"S.":[76,146],"by":[79,200],"adopting":[80],"spatial":[81],"positioning":[82],"patterns":[85],"consistent":[86],"social":[88],"mimicry.":[89],"This":[90],"may":[92,227],"provide":[93],"antipredator":[94],"advantages":[95],"through":[96],"group":[97,189],"integration,":[98,190],"while":[99],"also":[100],"allowing":[101],"opportunistic":[102,193],"foraging":[103],"on":[104],"benthic":[105],"organisms":[106],"resuspended":[108],"organic":[109],"particles":[110],"generated":[111],"during":[112],"grazing":[114],"activity.":[115],"In":[116],"rare":[117],"cases,":[118],"multiple":[119],"co\u2010occurred":[124],"within":[125],"same":[127],"school,":[128],"producing":[129],"aggressive":[130],"interactions":[131,222],"indicating":[133],"intraspecific":[134,196],"competition":[135],"for":[136],"access":[137],"to":[138],"aggregation.":[141],"From":[142],"perspective,":[145],"exhibited":[148],"only":[149],"brief":[150],"limited":[152],"responses,":[154],"no":[156],"evidence":[157],"persistent":[159],"exclusion":[160],"or":[161],"disruption":[162],"schooling":[164],"behaviour,":[165],"low\u2010cost,":[168],"largely":[169],"tolerated":[170],"interaction.":[171],"Overall,":[172],"our":[173],"observations":[174],"suggest":[175,218],"host\u2010related":[180],"strategy":[182],"that":[187,219],"combines":[188],"commensalistic":[191],"feeding":[194],"competition,":[197],"likely":[198],"shaped":[199],"ontogenetic":[201],"constraints.":[202],"These":[203],"results":[204],"highlight":[205],"overlooked":[208],"level":[209],"complexity":[212],"fish":[215],"assemblages":[216],"fine\u2010scale":[220],"interspecific":[221],"ecosystems":[226],"be":[228],"more":[229],"widespread":[230],"than":[231],"currently":[232],"recognised.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}
