{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223373317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3","title":"Energy transition and economic growth in African OPEC countries","display_name":"Energy transition and economic growth in African OPEC countries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223373317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289596","display_name":"Discover Environment","issn_l":"2731-9431","issn":["2731-9431"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122036034","display_name":"Emmanuel Chinedu Eleje","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Eleje","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salford, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salford, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159362406","display_name":"Zeeshan Syed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zeeshan Syed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salford, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salford, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159366476","display_name":"Qayyum Arif","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qayyum Arif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iona University, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iona University, New York, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159323197","display_name":"J. U. J. Onwumere","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. U. J. Onwumere","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011124577","display_name":"Ebere Ume Kalu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3132-1424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3132-1424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebere Ume Kalu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159333973","display_name":"C. Onu Calistus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Onu Calistus","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119636212","display_name":"Temiloluwa Adeoye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Temiloluwa Adeoye","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salford, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salford, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159362406"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83799587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12639","display_name":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-transition","display_name":"energy transition","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel-consumption","display_name":"fossil fuel consumption","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy-consumption","display_name":"renewable energy consumption","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gdp-per-capita","display_name":"GDP per capita","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-growth-nexus","display_name":"energy-growth nexus","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-policy","display_name":"energy policy","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-economic-growth","display_name":"sustainable economic growth","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7152000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.5702000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5546000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.5277000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131046424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1805337","display_name":"Energy policy","level":3,"score":0.42910000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97615858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341351","display_name":"Energy intensity","level":3,"score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777890234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795757","display_name":"Energy transition","level":4,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181683161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7301159","display_name":"Real gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174503800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381254","display_name":"Environmental impact of the energy industry","level":4,"score":0.3402000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982719155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060","display_name":"Energy source","level":3,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114350782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12638","display_name":"Gross domestic product","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44970651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014030","display_name":"Fixed effects model","level":3,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551020850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060","display_name":"Energy development","level":3,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777172336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2700433","display_name":"Energy security","level":3,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160443848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45918","display_name":"Per capita income","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780761599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72596","display_name":"Resource curse","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289596","display_name":"Discover Environment","issn_l":"2731-9431","issn":["2731-9431"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8535423/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8535423/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8535423/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-8535423/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:576cd4ff55ae4bb29e1b0b6343b71284","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/576cd4ff55ae4bb29e1b0b6343b71284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Discover Environment, Vol 4, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44274-026-01130-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387289596","display_name":"Discover Environment","issn_l":"2731-9431","issn":["2731-9431"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Environment","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223373317.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223373317.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963825692","https://openalex.org/W1969994502","https://openalex.org/W1994917241","https://openalex.org/W2004495303","https://openalex.org/W2004798049","https://openalex.org/W2005747970","https://openalex.org/W2021862702","https://openalex.org/W2068505332","https://openalex.org/W2077528594","https://openalex.org/W2094386077","https://openalex.org/W2161122733","https://openalex.org/W2162484441","https://openalex.org/W2195301797","https://openalex.org/W2227715044","https://openalex.org/W2278147636","https://openalex.org/W2287690708","https://openalex.org/W2340002635","https://openalex.org/W2419022143","https://openalex.org/W2531410129","https://openalex.org/W2539733827","https://openalex.org/W2550392152","https://openalex.org/W2566588365","https://openalex.org/W2596822539","https://openalex.org/W2757881250","https://openalex.org/W2800156158","https://openalex.org/W2895770703","https://openalex.org/W2897891798","https://openalex.org/W2903859817","https://openalex.org/W2907122285","https://openalex.org/W2911163371","https://openalex.org/W2915279703","https://openalex.org/W2915490774","https://openalex.org/W2916047775","https://openalex.org/W2920908450","https://openalex.org/W2941155803","https://openalex.org/W2942484523","https://openalex.org/W2951291689","https://openalex.org/W2985455946","https://openalex.org/W2995307952","https://openalex.org/W3003923904","https://openalex.org/W3007385495","https://openalex.org/W3013220820","https://openalex.org/W3017651716","https://openalex.org/W3022796150","https://openalex.org/W3023994982","https://openalex.org/W3038055495","https://openalex.org/W3038316707","https://openalex.org/W3038644770","https://openalex.org/W3088025822","https://openalex.org/W3097757338","https://openalex.org/W3110318140","https://openalex.org/W3112524112","https://openalex.org/W3151396192","https://openalex.org/W3165485592","https://openalex.org/W3166063115","https://openalex.org/W3176970013","https://openalex.org/W3202533329","https://openalex.org/W3214876967","https://openalex.org/W4205630999","https://openalex.org/W4214754968","https://openalex.org/W4220944279","https://openalex.org/W4225164757","https://openalex.org/W4287218238","https://openalex.org/W4302008065","https://openalex.org/W4319840281","https://openalex.org/W4378575694","https://openalex.org/W4388948594","https://openalex.org/W4390338677","https://openalex.org/W4391011590","https://openalex.org/W4396718371","https://openalex.org/W4404235414","https://openalex.org/W4410507570","https://openalex.org/W4415350582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7160241667","https://openalex.org/W2741813096","https://openalex.org/W4311317546","https://openalex.org/W3197357467","https://openalex.org/W7222824340","https://openalex.org/W7202151663","https://openalex.org/W7131338247","https://openalex.org/W1996675324","https://openalex.org/W6958215547","https://openalex.org/W4288685446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,55,125],"study":[2,51,149],"examined":[3],"the":[4,34,64,72,99,104,146,200,212],"relationship":[5,82,132],"between":[6,83,134],"energy":[7,45,89,117,139,153,165,175,204],"swap":[8],"and":[9,22,42,71,80,87,91,108,141,206],"economic":[10,92,123,142,209],"growth":[11,210],"in":[12,167,178,215],"OPEC":[13,168,179,213],"African":[14,169],"countries":[15,65,100,180,214],"from":[16,193],"1990":[17],"to":[18,122,151,187,202],"2023,":[19],"employing":[20],"panel":[21],"time":[23],"series":[24],"ARDL":[25],"estimation":[26],"techniques.":[27],"By":[28,171],"examining":[29],"GDP":[30],"per":[31],"capita":[32],"as":[33,47,155],"dependent":[35],"variable,":[36],"along":[37],"with":[38],"fossil":[39,85,135,194],"fuel":[40,86,136],"consumption":[41,46,90,118,166],"total":[43],"renewable":[44,88,138,188],"independent":[48],"variables,":[49],"this":[50,148],"provides":[52],"insightful":[53],"findings.":[54],"results":[56,126],"indicate":[57],"a":[58,78,112,130,159,173,183],"noteworthy":[59],"divergence:":[60],"approximately":[61],"57.14%":[62],"of":[63,75,98,106,161],"analyzed,":[66],"namely":[67],"Algeria,":[68],"Nigeria,":[69],"Angola,":[70],"Democratic":[73],"Republic":[74,105],"Congo,":[76,107],"exhibit":[77],"negative":[79],"non-significant":[81],"both":[84],"growth.":[93,143],"In":[94],"contrast,":[95],"around":[96],"42.86%":[97],"assessed,":[101],"including":[102],"Gabon,":[103],"Equatorial":[109],"Guinea,":[110],"demonstrate":[111],"positive":[113],"correlation,":[114],"suggesting":[115],"that":[116,129],"can":[119],"significantly":[120],"contribute":[121],"development.":[124],"further":[127],"revealed":[128],"unidirectional":[131],"exists":[133],"consumption,":[137,140],"Based":[144],"on":[145],"results,":[147],"contributes":[150],"recent":[152],"discussions":[154],"it":[156],"advocates":[157],"for":[158],"re-evaluation":[160],"government":[162],"policies":[163],"surrounding":[164],"countries.":[170],"adopting":[172],"hybrid":[174],"strategy,":[176],"policymakers":[177],"could":[181],"facilitate":[182],"more":[184],"seamless":[185],"transition":[186],"sources":[189],"while":[190],"still":[191],"benefiting":[192],"fuels.":[195],"This":[196],"balanced":[197],"approach":[198],"has":[199],"potential":[201],"enhance":[203],"integration":[205],"promote":[207],"sustainable":[208],"across":[211],"Africa.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}
