{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223349544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w","title":"Nonlinearity-induced nonreciprocity for evanescent waves","display_name":"Nonlinearity-induced nonreciprocity for evanescent waves","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223349544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-026-02932-w_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200995","display_name":"Communications Physics","issn_l":"2399-3650","issn":["2399-3650"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-026-02932-w_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102726711","display_name":"Huan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7799-2990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7799-2990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7799-2990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076880864","display_name":"Zhaoxian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-5174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-5174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoxian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-5174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068064897","display_name":"Huanan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8834-4320","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8834-4320"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huanan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8834-4320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159340979","display_name":"Zhicheng Xiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhicheng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Micro-/Nano-Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020666400","display_name":"Yanqing Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-8557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-8557"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan-qing Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6151-8557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100671656","display_name":"Jingjun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2509-0175","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2509-0175"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingjun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2509-0175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005375790","display_name":"Andrea Al\u00f9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-5274","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-5274"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121847817","display_name":"The Graduate Center, CUNY","ror":"https://ror.org/00awd9g61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121847817"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107475","display_name":"CUNY Advanced Science Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01gdjt538","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121847817","https://openalex.org/I4210107475"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Al\u00f9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA","Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-5274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I4210107475"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121847817","https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005375790","https://openalex.org/A5068064897","https://openalex.org/A5100671656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121847817","https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I205237279","https://openalex.org/I4210107475"],"apc_list":{"value":3990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3990},"apc_paid":{"value":3990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79083383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11262","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11262","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Non-Hermitian Physics","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.01640000008046627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.011800000444054604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonreciprocity","display_name":"nonreciprocity","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evanescent-waves","display_name":"evanescent waves","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocity","display_name":"reciprocity","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saturable-nonlinearity","display_name":"saturable nonlinearity","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-defects","display_name":"nonlinear defects","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-singularities","display_name":"spectral singularities","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupled-resonators","display_name":"coupled resonators","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-gap","display_name":"band gap","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-hermitian-physics","display_name":"non-Hermitian physics","score":0.906000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.758899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3264987","display_name":"Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)","level":2,"score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89953854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341668","display_name":"Evanescent wave","level":2,"score":0.7329000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.49059998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.4846999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4699000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44886760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758425","display_name":"Wave propagation","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94631461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3504693","display_name":"Superlens","level":3,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776201373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2993351","display_name":"Phase conjugation","level":3,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170395517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234943","display_name":"Total internal reflection","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163752227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253365","display_name":"Radiant intensity","level":3,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149773537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12969754","display_name":"Electromagnetic radiation","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78854221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756033","display_name":"Nonlinear optics","level":3,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40308292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122518","display_name":"Plane wave","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-026-02932-w_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200995","display_name":"Communications Physics","issn_l":"2399-3650","issn":["2399-3650"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02932-w","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s42005-026-02932-w_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210200995","display_name":"Communications Physics","issn_l":"2399-3650","issn":["2399-3650"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2243887483","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12274240","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7797509599","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12404506","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223349544.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223349544.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2767805805","https://openalex.org/W4367836796","https://openalex.org/W2108270580","https://openalex.org/W2575778111","https://openalex.org/W2758787630","https://openalex.org/W3162574218","https://openalex.org/W4401167968","https://openalex.org/W7167060179","https://openalex.org/W3172155304","https://openalex.org/W2044238063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"reciprocity":[1],"principle":[2],"constrains":[3],"both":[4],"propagating":[5,24,77],"and":[6,32,55,105,120],"evanescent":[7,39,100,126],"wave":[8,116],"regimes,":[9],"yet":[10],"magnet-free":[11],"approaches":[12],"to":[13,114,124],"nonreciprocal":[14,36,69,115],"transmission":[15,70],"have":[16],"so":[17],"far":[18],"been":[19],"explored":[20],"only":[21],"for":[22,38],"waves":[23,40,125],"along":[25,127],"the":[26,49,76,79,89,92,99,103,106,128],"transport":[27,129],"direction.":[28,130],"Here,":[29],"we":[30,60],"explore":[31],"experimentally":[33],"demonstrate":[34],"strong":[35],"responses":[37],"based":[41],"on":[42,98],"tailored":[43],"asymmetric":[44],"nonlinearities.":[45],"By":[46],"operating":[47],"in":[48],"bandgap":[50],"of":[51],"a":[52,63,83,111],"coupled-resonator":[53],"system":[54],"exploiting":[56],"engineered":[57],"spectral":[58],"singularities,":[59],"show":[61],"that":[62],"saturable":[64],"nonlinear":[65,119],"defect":[66],"enables":[67],"pronounced":[68],"under":[71],"evanescent-wave":[72,80],"excitation.":[73],"Compared":[74],"with":[75],"regime,":[78],"configuration":[81],"allows":[82],"reduced":[84],"local":[85],"threshold":[86],"intensity":[87,95],"at":[88],"defect,":[90],"while":[91],"required":[93],"source":[94,104],"additionally":[96],"depends":[97],"decay":[101],"between":[102],"defect.":[107],"Our":[108],"results":[109],"establish":[110],"distinct":[112],"route":[113],"control,":[117],"extending":[118],"non-Hermitian":[121],"scattering":[122],"physics":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}