{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223335928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","title":"Black people\u2019s health in Canada: a scoping review","display_name":"Black people\u2019s health in Canada: a scoping review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223335928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159337342","display_name":"Victor Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004033295","display_name":"Aloysius Nwabugo Maduforo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-5632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-5632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aloysius Nwabugo Maduforo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","Educational Psychology & Leadership Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-5632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Educational Psychology & Leadership Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032887380","display_name":"Carol Jean Henry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-2936","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-2936"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol Henry","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050834791","display_name":"Maria B. Ospina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-7521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9305-7521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria B. Ospina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067779580","display_name":"Carla Marques Maia Prado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3609-5641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3609-5641"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carla M. Prado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011514882","display_name":"Oluwakemi C. Amodu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-8797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-8797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwakemi Amodu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081154091","display_name":"Rotimi Emmanuel Aluko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9025-2513","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9025-2513"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rotimi E. Aluko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092915052","display_name":"Esther Nyangate Monari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-8797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-8797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esther Monari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John\u2019s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089449275","display_name":"Janet Kemei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6078-4423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6078-4423"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I924318406","display_name":"MacEwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/003s89n44","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I924318406"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet Kemei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mental Health and Community Wellness, Faculty of Nursing, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mental Health and Community Wellness, Faculty of Nursing, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I924318406"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017802509","display_name":"Olu Awosoga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3523-5435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3523-5435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107949126","display_name":"University of Lethbridge","ror":"https://ror.org/044j76961","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwagbohunmi Awosoga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107949126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020537702","display_name":"Dana Lee Olstad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-9952","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-9952"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana Lee Olstad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006843123","display_name":"Notisha Massaquoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9674-4500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9674-4500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405278283","display_name":"University of Toronto Scarborough","ror":"https://ror.org/05k33q843","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750","https://openalex.org/I4405278283"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Notisha Massaquoi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405278283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028313162","display_name":"Josephine Bassey Etowa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-7958","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-7958","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-3241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josephine Etowa","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033746524","display_name":"Sheila A. Boamah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-4416","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-4416"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheila A. Boamah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071151551","display_name":"Maman Joyce Dogba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-525X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-525X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maman Joyce Dogba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017947431","display_name":"Ruth Ndjabou\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4716-6505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4716-6505"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135117807","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke","ror":"https://ror.org/00kybxq39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254049","display_name":"Centre de recherche sur le vieillissement","ror":"https://ror.org/01bpsk167","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135117807","https://openalex.org/I2801825082","https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4405254049","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Ndjaboue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facult\u00e9 des lettres et sciences humaines, \u00c9cole de Travail social, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec , Sherbrooke, Canada","Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS Eastern Townships-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facult\u00e9 des lettres et sciences humaines, \u00c9cole de Travail social, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec , Sherbrooke, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135117807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS Eastern Townships-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080134341","display_name":"Barbara Hamilton-Hinch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0189-3723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0189-3723"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barb Hamilton-Hinch","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080971882","display_name":"Tolulope T. Sajobi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-5552","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-5552"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tolulope T. Sajobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067911181","display_name":"Carole A. Estabrooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-6510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-6510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carole A. Estabrooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071803036","display_name":"Dominic A. Alaazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-2551","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-2551","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5407-1814"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic A. Alaazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159325640","display_name":"Azeez Salami","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azeez Salami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092936962","display_name":"Yinka Oladele","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinka Oladele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159312525","display_name":"Jeanne Brigitte Lehman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeanne Brigitte Lehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian Women in Action (BCW), Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian Women in Action (BCW), Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002650748","display_name":"Liben Gebremikael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3715-1885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3715-1885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287614","display_name":"TAIBU Community Health Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05nxsvm46","country_code":"CA","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287614"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liben Gebremikael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre de sant\u00e9 communautaire TAIBU, TAIBU Community Health Centre, Scarborough, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre de sant\u00e9 communautaire TAIBU, TAIBU Community Health Centre, Scarborough, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075867586","display_name":"Caitlin E. McClurg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5706-4086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5706-4086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caitlin McClurg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062953967","display_name":"Bukola O. Salami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-0464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1030-0464","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9897-8135"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bukola Salami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":18,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004033295"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309","https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85834221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.02630000002682209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13503","display_name":"Gender, Health, and Social Inequality","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-black-racism","display_name":"anti-Black racism","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-discrimination","display_name":"structural discrimination","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-determinants-of-health","display_name":"social determinants of health","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-access","display_name":"health care access","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"mental health","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-diseases","display_name":"infectious diseases","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-discrimination","display_name":"racial discrimination","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culturally-safe-care","display_name":"culturally safe care","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-gap","display_name":"research gaps","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canada","display_name":"Canada","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6098999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.6093999743461609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5435000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.5393999814987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.5121999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140556311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214746","display_name":"Biostatistics","level":3,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78491826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045352","display_name":"Social determinants of health","level":3,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61904560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148359","display_name":"Grey literature","level":3,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104977270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000306","display_name":"Race and health","level":4,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3255999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778149918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3291156","display_name":"Population health","level":3,"score":0.3183000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522453465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58327829","display_name":"Social research","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776577793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3137154","display_name":"Non-communicable disease","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138368954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215028","display_name":"Peer review","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134659438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5853064","display_name":"Social exclusion","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29719523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551096","display_name":"Social epidemiology","level":4,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-30018-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200437886","display_name":"BMC Public Health","issn_l":"1471-2458","issn":["1471-2458"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334506","display_name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01gavpb45"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366539077","https://openalex.org/W7161249815","https://openalex.org/W7167728799","https://openalex.org/W4413909502","https://openalex.org/W7163319577","https://openalex.org/W4392661981","https://openalex.org/W4385843548","https://openalex.org/W4399928270","https://openalex.org/W4413480595","https://openalex.org/W7115824198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Black":[0,44,74,225,243],"people":[1,75],"represent":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,26,41,73,135,165,208,223,240],"the":[5,38,62,71,152,166,205],"fastest-growing":[6],"populations":[7],"in":[8,47,68,76,121,246],"Canada":[9,48,122,247],"and":[10,22,36,65,85,87,99,171,189,204,210,227,248,257],"continue":[11],"to":[12,60,142,200],"experience":[13],"health":[14,34,46,72,245],"inequities":[15],"driven":[16],"by":[17,79],"anti-Black":[18],"racism,":[19],"structural":[20,133],"discrimination,":[21,188],"unequal":[23],"social":[24,127,132],"determinants":[25,134],"health.":[27,136],"Although":[28],"previous":[29],"studies":[30,111,150,167,194],"have":[31],"examined":[32],"specific":[33],"conditions":[35],"populations,":[37,226],"broader":[39],"body":[40],"research":[42,69,119,241],"on":[43,70,105,242],"people\u2019s":[45,244],"has":[49],"not":[50],"been":[51],"systematically":[52],"synthesized.":[53],"As":[54],"such,":[55],"this":[56],"scoping":[57,89,234],"review":[58,90,138,235],"aims":[59],"examine":[61],"scope,":[63],"characteristics":[64],"key":[66],"gaps":[67,215],"Canada.":[77],"Guided":[78],"Joanna":[80],"Briggs":[81],"Institute":[82],"(JBI)":[83],"methodology":[84],"Arksey":[86],"O\u2019Malley\u2019s":[88],"framework,":[91],"searches":[92],"were":[93,112],"conducted":[94,120],"across":[95],"eight":[96],"electronic":[97],"databases":[98],"hand-searched":[100],"reference":[101],"lists,":[102],"without":[103],"restrictions":[104],"publication":[106],"date":[107],"or":[108,117,126,131,230],"language.":[109],"Eligible":[110],"peer-reviewed":[113],"original":[114],"quantitative,":[115],"qualitative,":[116],"mixed-methods":[118],"addressing":[123],"physical,":[124],"mental,":[125],"health,":[128,182],"healthcare":[129,185],"access,":[130,186],"The":[137,173],"was":[139],"reported":[140],"according":[141],"PRISMA-ScR":[143],"guidelines.":[144],"From":[145],"13,610":[146],"records":[147],"identified,":[148],"522":[149],"met":[151],"inclusion":[153],"criteria.":[154],"Research":[155],"output":[156],"increased":[157],"substantially":[158],"after":[159],"2000,":[160],"with":[161],"more":[162],"than":[163],"half":[164],"published":[168],"between":[169],"2020":[170],"2025.":[172],"literature":[174],"covered":[175],"15":[176],"health-related":[177],"domains,":[178,193],"most":[179],"frequently":[180],"mental":[181],"communicable":[183],"diseases,":[184],"racial":[187],"immigrant-related":[190],"stress.":[191],"Across":[192],"documented":[195],"disproportionate":[196],"disease":[197],"burdens,":[198],"barriers":[199],"culturally":[201],"safe":[202],"care,":[203],"pervasive":[206],"influence":[207],"racism":[209],"socioeconomic":[211],"inequities.":[212],"Important":[213],"evidence":[214],"included":[216],"limited":[217,228],"race-disaggregated":[218],"data,":[219],"non-representative":[220],"samples,":[221],"aggregation":[222],"diverse":[224],"longitudinal":[229],"intervention-focused":[231],"research.":[232],"This":[233],"provides":[236],"a":[237],"comprehensive":[238],"mapping":[239],"identifies":[249],"priorities":[250],"for":[251],"equity-oriented":[252],"research,":[253],"improved":[254],"data":[255],"collection,":[256],"policy":[258],"action.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}