{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223322006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v11i3.344","title":"Evaluating the influences of fishmeal replacement on growth, immune and nutritional performance in aquaculture","display_name":"Evaluating the influences of fishmeal replacement on growth, immune and nutritional performance in aquaculture","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223322006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v11i3.344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.53992/njns.v11i3.344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v11i3.344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v11i3.344","pdf_url":"https://njns.nust.edu.pk/index.php/njns/article/download/344/217","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222030","display_name":"NUST Journal of Natural Sciences","issn_l":"2072-4659","issn":["2072-4659","2710-222X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","host_organization_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NUST Journal of Natural Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://njns.nust.edu.pk/index.php/njns/article/download/344/217","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159297361","display_name":"Inshrah Faseeha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79839403","display_name":"University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00g325k81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79839403"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inshrah Faseeha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79839403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159362213","display_name":"Aiza Khaliq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79839403","display_name":"University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00g325k81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79839403"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiza Khaliq","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79839403"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093526762","display_name":"\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306687154","display_name":"Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir","ror":"https://ror.org/00jgwn197","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majid Hamid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306687154"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159327591","display_name":"Noor e Mubeen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172324550","display_name":"Gomal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0241b8f19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor e Mubeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gomal University, D. I. Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172324550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81988491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"38","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-meal-replacement","display_name":"fish meal replacement","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquafeed","display_name":"aquaculture feed","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-proteins","display_name":"alternative protein sources","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-growth","display_name":"fish growth","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-immune-response","display_name":"fish immune response","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-silage","display_name":"fish silage","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-oil","display_name":"fish oil","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-cost-reduction","display_name":"feed cost reduction","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-aquaculture","display_name":"sustainable aquaculture","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-scale-fish-farming","display_name":"small-scale fish farming","score":0.8759999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204288101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1413095","display_name":"Fish meal","level":3,"score":0.9229000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86909935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188989","display_name":"Aquaculture","level":3,"score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168857316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5152559","display_name":"Commercial fish feed","level":4,"score":0.7487000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779946292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786125","display_name":"Fish oil","level":3,"score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780074830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864423","display_name":"Bioconversion","level":3,"score":0.559499979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660071","display_name":"Silage","level":2,"score":0.5343999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5175999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.48829999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779286987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47793","display_name":"Tilapia","level":3,"score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311170","display_name":"Nile tilapia","level":4,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158278297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756633","display_name":"Aquatic animal","level":3,"score":0.4171000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778896599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5454664","display_name":"Fish products","level":3,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10675206","display_name":"Ingredient","level":2,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141896089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209894","display_name":"Fish farming","level":4,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908814187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152","display_name":"Fish Proteins","level":3,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779992300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439605","display_name":"Feather meal","level":4,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.31529998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509243982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2836947","display_name":"Animal feed","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137858568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239","display_name":"Organism","level":2,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777949764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312329","display_name":"Pangasius","level":4,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019009989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8054","display_name":"Plant protein","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42566525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652439","display_name":"Single-cell protein","level":3,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.53992/njns.v11i3.344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v11i3.344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v11i3.344","pdf_url":"https://njns.nust.edu.pk/index.php/njns/article/download/344/217","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222030","display_name":"NUST Journal of Natural Sciences","issn_l":"2072-4659","issn":["2072-4659","2710-222X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","host_organization_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NUST Journal of Natural Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:59dc2beb64ca4016bafc4555b67970cd","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/59dc2beb64ca4016bafc4555b67970cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"NUST Journal of Natural Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 3 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.53992/njns.v11i3.344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v11i3.344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53992/njns.v11i3.344","pdf_url":"https://njns.nust.edu.pk/index.php/njns/article/download/344/217","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210222030","display_name":"NUST Journal of Natural Sciences","issn_l":"2072-4659","issn":["2072-4659","2710-222X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","host_organization_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"NUST Journal of Natural Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.958299994468689},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5171999931335449}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223322006.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223322006.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972215796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3208469631","https://openalex.org/W4391972885","https://openalex.org/W4385949394","https://openalex.org/W2792288279","https://openalex.org/W4312681514","https://openalex.org/W4402676107","https://openalex.org/W7165699618","https://openalex.org/W4313329252","https://openalex.org/W4281653936","https://openalex.org/W4401001093"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aquaculture":[0],"serves":[1],"as":[2,31,70,75],"an":[3],"auspicious":[4],"protein":[5,22,121,166,176],"source":[6],"for":[7,25,54,64,143,148,165,189],"the":[8,16,43,103,109,119,124,135,139,144,161,190],"human":[9],"consumption.":[10],"To":[11],"cultivate":[12],"aquatic":[13,26,65],"organism":[14],"proficiently,":[15],"prepared":[17],"feed":[18,57,93,111,126],"should":[19],"have":[20],"eminence":[21],"constituents.":[23],"Feed":[24,63],"animals":[27,66],"contain":[28],"raw":[29,68],"fish":[30,36,45,50,69,76,83,125,140,192],"a":[32,71],"main":[33,104],"product":[34],"e.g":[35],"oil":[37,77],"and":[38,46,78,84,137],"fishmeal":[39,79,179],"that":[40,132,185],"gained":[41],"from":[42,81],"whole":[44,82,110],"its":[47],"remains.":[48],"The":[49],"silage":[51,88],"is":[52,102],"feasible":[53],"using":[55],"in":[56,92,123],"after":[58,94],"their":[59,85],"bioconversion":[60,96],"or":[61,97,130],"transformation.":[62],"includes":[67],"primary":[72],"ingredient,":[73],"such":[74],"obtained":[80],"by-products.":[86],"Fish":[87],"can":[89,133],"be":[90,187],"used":[91],"undergoing":[95],"processing.":[98],"This":[99],"impending":[100],"ingredient":[101],"cost":[105,174],"effective":[106,142],"component":[107],"of":[108,112,146,155,163,178],"fish.":[113],"In":[114],"this":[115],"review":[116],"we":[117],"discuss":[118],"alternative":[120],"sources":[122,177],"based":[127],"on":[128,172],"plant":[129],"animal,":[131],"reduce":[134],"budget":[136],"improved":[138],"efficacy,":[141],"sustainability":[145],"aquaculture":[147,156],"low":[149,173],"to":[150,159],"high":[151],"scale":[152],"farming.":[153],"Production":[154],"inflates":[157],"worldwide":[158],"meet":[160],"demand":[162],"world":[164],"(fish,":[167],"seafood":[168],"etc.).":[169],"Hence,":[170],"investigation":[171],"substitute":[175],"was":[180],"prolific,":[181],"provide":[182],"good":[183],"information":[184],"could":[186],"helpful":[188],"small":[191],"farmers.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}