{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223317992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","title":"The development and validation of a questionnaire to assess female athletes\u2019 and coaches\u2019 knowledge about hormonal contraception","display_name":"The development and validation of a questionnaire to assess female athletes\u2019 and coaches\u2019 knowledge about hormonal contraception","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223317992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42996694","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13739691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159372823","display_name":"Katharina Fischer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katharina Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sport Psychology, Sport Science Faculty, Leipzig University","Research Group Elite Female Athletes, Institute for Applied Training Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sport Psychology, Sport Science Faculty, Leipzig University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group Elite Female Athletes, Institute for Applied Training Science","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085539691","display_name":"Elisabeth Maria Kirschbaum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7103-4812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7103-4812"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabeth Maria Kirschbaum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Movement Biomechanics, Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","Research Group Elite Female Athletes, Institute for Applied Training Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Movement Biomechanics, Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group Elite Female Athletes, Institute for Applied Training Science","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076794858","display_name":"Lucie Nikoleizig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-5899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-5899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127724","display_name":"Hochschule Macromedia","ror":"https://ror.org/03czk8k96","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127724"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucie Nikoleizig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sport Psychology, Sport Science Faculty, Leipzig University","Faculty of Culture, Media & Psychology, Macromedia University of Applied Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sport Psychology, Sport Science Faculty, Leipzig University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Culture, Media & Psychology, Macromedia University of Applied Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077250572","display_name":"Anne\u2010Marie Elbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-2451","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-2451"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne-Marie Elbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sport Psychology, Sport Science Faculty, Leipzig University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sport Psychology, Sport Science Faculty, Leipzig University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040562264","display_name":"Kerry McGawley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-6061","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-6061"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56475706","display_name":"Mid Sweden University","ror":"https://ror.org/019k1pd13","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56475706"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerry McGawley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56475706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159372823"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1921305","last_page":"1921305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormonal-contraception","display_name":"hormonal contraception","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-athletes","display_name":"female athletes","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-coaches","display_name":"sports coaches","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-assessment","display_name":"knowledge assessment","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/questionnaire-development","display_name":"questionnaire development","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-validity","display_name":"content validity","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/known-groups-validity","display_name":"known-groups validity","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-statistics","display_name":"reliability statistics","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraceptive-side-effects","display_name":"contraceptive side effects","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menstrual-cycle","display_name":"menstrual cycle","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7034000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.5861999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233","display_name":"Internal consistency","level":3,"score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.5504999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.5394999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777146004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14949826","display_name":"CLARITY","level":2,"score":0.5198000073432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776172332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7292449","display_name":"Hormonal contraception","level":5,"score":0.5026000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779058012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83864","display_name":"Menstrual cycle","level":3,"score":0.49790000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4787999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58916136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663508","display_name":"Content validity","level":3,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993494880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816033","display_name":"Elite athletes","level":3,"score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779076696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280670","display_name":"Family planning","level":4,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423378","display_name":"Knowledge level","level":2,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778363899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23900955","display_name":"Window of opportunity","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33191230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3737383","display_name":"Face validity","level":3,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113807197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60894","display_name":"Health education","level":3,"score":0.29249998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70364389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18757","display_name":"Validity","level":3,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779771394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12171","display_name":"Menstruation","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13739691","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13739691/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13739691/pdf/fspor-08-1921305.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Sports Act Living","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42996694","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42996694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in sports and active living","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:298379969bed4f1ab88bdd5e557c1959","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/298379969bed4f1ab88bdd5e557c1959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Vol 8 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2026.1921305/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325298","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Leipzig","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223317992.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223317992.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594672159","https://openalex.org/W1989123848","https://openalex.org/W1996569200","https://openalex.org/W2018774359","https://openalex.org/W2022185534","https://openalex.org/W2037557484","https://openalex.org/W2043891198","https://openalex.org/W2078199993","https://openalex.org/W2083691821","https://openalex.org/W2084555686","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2737989050","https://openalex.org/W2765886211","https://openalex.org/W2777249857","https://openalex.org/W2801702920","https://openalex.org/W3004995823","https://openalex.org/W3014295162","https://openalex.org/W3082765662","https://openalex.org/W3087623492","https://openalex.org/W3093297185","https://openalex.org/W3133851606","https://openalex.org/W3161156189","https://openalex.org/W3214275014","https://openalex.org/W4206559015","https://openalex.org/W4224067206","https://openalex.org/W4285097921","https://openalex.org/W4293113177","https://openalex.org/W4293661193","https://openalex.org/W4380629514","https://openalex.org/W4383558179","https://openalex.org/W4385289843","https://openalex.org/W4387077046","https://openalex.org/W4388824081","https://openalex.org/W4398774765","https://openalex.org/W4410176391","https://openalex.org/W4413473429","https://openalex.org/W4416292790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416292790","https://openalex.org/W4413473429","https://openalex.org/W7112255948","https://openalex.org/W3004995823","https://openalex.org/W4414163513","https://openalex.org/W2176792906","https://openalex.org/W1548245974","https://openalex.org/W4321595794","https://openalex.org/W7213484526","https://openalex.org/W7167266024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"study,":[3],"a":[4,56,116,195,215],"hormonal":[5,66],"contraception":[6],"knowledge":[7,153,221],"questionnaire":[8,23],"(HCKQ)":[9],"for":[10,97,218],"female":[11,40,129,158,160,247],"athletes":[12,41,130],"and":[13,17,31,42,51,71,78,84,106,131,140,162,171,192,234],"coaches":[14],"was":[15,35,123,138,145,155,174],"developed":[16],"validated.":[18],"Methods":[19],"An":[20],"initial":[21,226],"17-item":[22],"(Pre-HCKQ),":[24],"including":[25],"items":[26],"adapted":[27],"from":[28],"existing":[29],"tools":[30],"newly":[32],"generated":[33],"items,":[34],"piloted":[36],"with":[37,225],"325":[38],"recreational":[39],"46":[43],"coaches.":[44,133],"The":[45,121,134,212],"analysis":[46],"of":[47,65,73,81,199,246],"item":[48],"difficulty":[49,136],"index":[50,137],"item-total":[52,143],"correlation":[53,144],"resulted":[54],"in":[55,88,152,194,222,251],"10-item":[57],"HCKQ,":[58],"which":[59],"included":[60],"questions":[61],"about":[62],"the":[63,85,89,95,141,240,244],"safety":[64],"contraceptive":[67],"(HC)":[68],"use,":[69,83],"function":[70],"effects":[72,80],"different":[74],"HCs,":[75],"risk":[76],"factors":[77],"side":[79],"HC":[82,169],"fertile":[86],"window":[87],"menstrual":[90],"cycle.":[91],"Eighteen":[92],"experts":[93],"evaluated":[94],"HCKQ":[96,122,213,241],"relevance":[98],"(":[99,108],"M":[100,109],"=":[101,104,110,113,147,181,185,190,206,209],"5.5,":[102,111],"SD":[103,112],"0.8)":[105],"clarity":[107],"0.9)":[114],"using":[115],"6-point":[117],"Likert":[118],"scale.":[119],"Results":[120],"subsequently":[124],"administered":[125],"to":[126,242],"562":[127],"elite":[128],"170":[132],"mean":[135,142],"46%,":[139],"r":[146],".29.":[148],"A":[149],"significant":[150],"difference":[151],"scores":[154],"found":[156],"between":[157,168],"athletes,":[159],"coaches,":[161,164],"male":[163],"as":[165,167],"well":[166],"users":[170],"non-users.":[172],"Reliability":[173],"assessed":[175],"through":[176],"internal":[177],"consistency":[178],"(Cronbach's":[179],"\u03b1":[180],".61,":[182],"McDonald's":[183],"\u03c9":[184],".62,":[186],"Guttman's":[187],"\u03bb":[188],"\u2082":[189],".63)":[191],"test-retest":[193],"separate,":[196],"mixed-sex":[197],"cohort":[198],"64":[200],"sport":[201],"science":[202],"students":[203],"(Spearman's":[204],"\u03c1":[205],".75;":[207],"ICC(2,1)":[208],".74).":[210],"Discussion":[211],"provides":[214],"brief":[216],"tool":[217],"assessing":[219],"HC-related":[220],"sports":[223],"contexts,":[224],"evidence":[227],"supporting":[228],"its":[229],"content":[230],"validity,":[231,233],"known-groups":[232],"reliability.":[235],"Future":[236],"research":[237],"may":[238],"use":[239],"evaluate":[243],"effectiveness":[245],"health":[248],"education":[249],"programs":[250],"sport.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}
