{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223313489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27219425","title":"Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Provides No Evidence for Pathogenicity of Balantidium Ctenopharyngodoni in Grass Carp Hindgut","display_name":"Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Provides No Evidence for Pathogenicity of Balantidium Ctenopharyngodoni in Grass Carp Hindgut","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223313489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27219425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27219425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27219425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27219425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27219425","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064874304","display_name":"Weishan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-9381","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-9381"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089584","display_name":"Institute of Hydrobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b4mx203","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weishan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-9381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159303659","display_name":"Lei Fang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiujiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032402050","display_name":"Weitian Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089584","display_name":"Institute of Hydrobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b4mx203","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China","Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002821268","display_name":"Xialian Bu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089584","display_name":"Institute of Hydrobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b4mx203","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103131","display_name":"Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/01bffta28","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103131"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xialian Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103131"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109137544","display_name":"Shangong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-9289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-9289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089584","display_name":"Institute of Hydrobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b4mx203","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shangong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-9289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113756416","display_name":"Hong Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-4444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-4444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089584","display_name":"Institute of Hydrobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b4mx203","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111990020","display_name":"Wen X. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-4535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-4535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089584","display_name":"Institute of Hydrobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b4mx203","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7016-4535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159175726","display_name":"Guitang Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089584","display_name":"Institute of Hydrobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b4mx203","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guitang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159346057","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089584","display_name":"Institute of Hydrobiology","ror":"https://ror.org/00b4mx203","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159346057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210089584"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"apc_paid":{"value":2900,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3499},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74173678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"21","first_page":"9425","last_page":"9425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10815","display_name":"Parasite Biology and Host Interactions","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grass-carp","display_name":"grass carp","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenicity","display_name":"pathogenicity","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindgut","display_name":"hindgut","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-parasite-interactions","display_name":"host-parasite interactions","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-effects","display_name":"diet effects","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteroidetes","display_name":"Bacteroidetes","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-transcriptome","display_name":"intestinal transcriptome","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-related-gene-expression","display_name":"immune gene expression","score":0.6919999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9434000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776942755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5766006","display_name":"Hindgut","level":4,"score":0.8116000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777334866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106345","display_name":"Ciliate","level":2,"score":0.7348999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781257293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76098","display_name":"Grass carp","level":3,"score":0.6534000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776927270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815962","display_name":"Colonization","level":2,"score":0.5268999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.4853000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776989901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134668","display_name":"Gammaproteobacteria","level":4,"score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306579","display_name":"Alphaproteobacteria","level":4,"score":0.4706999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780437850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136674","display_name":"Betaproteobacteria","level":5,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.4036000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777385719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061265","display_name":"Bacteroidetes","level":4,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143121216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402","display_name":"Microbiome","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105878827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041929","display_name":"Colonisation","level":3,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779676784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130999","display_name":"Proteobacteria","level":4,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776963538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81110","display_name":"Common carp","level":4,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122325731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3738459","display_name":"Relative species abundance","level":3,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780512811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11829360","display_name":"Gastrointestinal tract","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019368612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154506","display_name":"Intestinal mucosa","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778891732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751223","display_name":"Carp","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27219425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27219425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27219425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijms27219425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27219425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27219425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10623703","display_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","issn_l":"1422-0067","issn":["1422-0067","1661-6596"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","medline","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327780","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1837973421","https://openalex.org/W1990569319","https://openalex.org/W2012490955","https://openalex.org/W2034285706","https://openalex.org/W2035492084","https://openalex.org/W2071598510","https://openalex.org/W2107277218","https://openalex.org/W2133366486","https://openalex.org/W2133579817","https://openalex.org/W2138207763","https://openalex.org/W2164154943","https://openalex.org/W2167062509","https://openalex.org/W2171768438","https://openalex.org/W2192741637","https://openalex.org/W2370039019","https://openalex.org/W2474989493","https://openalex.org/W2563338990","https://openalex.org/W2604760435","https://openalex.org/W2618056267","https://openalex.org/W2739384363","https://openalex.org/W2747743284","https://openalex.org/W2766024112","https://openalex.org/W2793194238","https://openalex.org/W2898673913","https://openalex.org/W2921553771","https://openalex.org/W2936209178","https://openalex.org/W2944949127","https://openalex.org/W2952437732","https://openalex.org/W2964849163","https://openalex.org/W2980082250","https://openalex.org/W2990976500","https://openalex.org/W3027118763","https://openalex.org/W3080870840","https://openalex.org/W3115276438","https://openalex.org/W3136772542","https://openalex.org/W3178750613","https://openalex.org/W3211564822","https://openalex.org/W4223629051","https://openalex.org/W4224087359","https://openalex.org/W4225314942","https://openalex.org/W4283275634","https://openalex.org/W4284958746","https://openalex.org/W4285394738","https://openalex.org/W4296175861","https://openalex.org/W4306717503","https://openalex.org/W4309312881","https://openalex.org/W4311086234","https://openalex.org/W4321381778","https://openalex.org/W4379141149","https://openalex.org/W4386120909","https://openalex.org/W4390571212","https://openalex.org/W4396809134","https://openalex.org/W4400415326","https://openalex.org/W4400948011","https://openalex.org/W4400948872","https://openalex.org/W4411369843","https://openalex.org/W4412522063","https://openalex.org/W7140288573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390571212","https://openalex.org/W6921266779","https://openalex.org/W3211564822","https://openalex.org/W2474989493","https://openalex.org/W2133366486","https://openalex.org/W4223648095","https://openalex.org/W2888588848","https://openalex.org/W2090942483","https://openalex.org/W2300116599","https://openalex.org/W3006323540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Balantidium":[0],"ctenopharyngodoni":[1,91,174,227],"Chen,":[2],"1955":[3],"is":[4],"the":[5,12,23,30,34,44,87,143,152,166,177,184,207,223,234],"only":[6],"ciliate":[7,232],"species":[8],"known":[9],"to":[10,85,137],"inhabit":[11],"digestive":[13],"tract":[14],"of":[15,33,89,146,183,218],"grass":[16,94,185,235],"carp,":[17,95],"where":[18],"it":[19],"predominantly":[20],"resides":[21],"in":[22,151,165,197,233],"spaces":[24],"between":[25,200],"mucosal":[26],"folds":[27],"and":[28,57,69,106,122,141,161,180,202,210],"within":[29],"intestinal":[31,49,107,188],"contents":[32],"hindgut":[35],"with":[36,54,64,80,117,155,169],"a":[37,77,156,230],"high":[38,42],"prevalence.":[39],"Despite":[40],"its":[41],"prevalence,":[43],"pathogenicity":[45],"remains":[46],"controversial.":[47],"The":[48],"bacterial":[50],"microbiota":[51,139],"interacts":[52],"closely":[53],"enteric":[55],"protozoa,":[56],"such":[58],"interactions":[59],"may":[60],"alter":[61],"host\u2013parasite":[62],"dynamics,":[63],"consequences":[65],"for":[66],"host":[67],"susceptibility":[68],"overall":[70],"health.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"study,":[74],"we":[75],"conducted":[76],"feeding":[78],"experiment":[79],"three":[81],"different":[82],"dietary":[83,209],"regimes":[84],"explore":[86],"effects":[88],"B.":[90,173,226],"colonization":[92,114,133],"on":[93],"using":[96],"an":[97],"integrative":[98],"approach":[99],"that":[100,112,225],"combined":[101],"microbial":[102,178],"amplicon":[103],"sequencing,":[104],"metabolomics,":[105],"transcriptomics.":[108],"Our":[109],"results":[110],"showed":[111],"balantidia":[113],"was":[115,134,148],"associated":[116],"slightly":[118],"lower":[119],"body":[120,123],"length":[121],"weight,":[124],"although":[125],"these":[126],"differences":[127],"were":[128,163],"not":[129,192],"statistically":[130],"significant.":[131],"Balantidia":[132],"also":[135],"related":[136],"altered":[138],"composition":[140],"diversity:":[142],"relative":[144],"abundance":[145],"Bacteroidetes":[147],"more":[149],"abundant":[150],"balantidia-positive":[153,167,201],"fish":[154,168],"plant-based":[157],"diet,":[158],"while":[159],"alphaproteobacteria":[160],"betaproteobacteria":[162],"enriched":[164],"commercial":[170],"feed.":[171],"Although":[172],"moderately":[175],"perturbed":[176],"profiles":[179],"metabolic":[181],"processes":[182],"carp":[186,236],"hindgut,":[187],"transcriptomic":[189],"analysis":[190],"did":[191],"detect":[193],"significant":[194],"transcriptional":[195],"changes":[196],"immune-related":[198],"genes":[199],"balantidia-negative":[203],"groups.":[204],"Collectively,":[205],"under":[206],"tested":[208],"physiological":[211],"conditions,":[212],"our":[213],"findings":[214],"provide":[215],"no":[216],"evidence":[217],"overt":[219],"pathogenicity,":[220],"further":[221],"supporting":[222],"view":[224],"acts":[228],"as":[229],"commensal":[231],"hindgut.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}