{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223300514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610","title":"Nutrition-claim eligibility of plant-based milk alternatives under South Africa's draft food-labelling regulations: Protein content, amino acid profiles and calcium","display_name":"Nutrition-claim eligibility of plant-based milk alternatives under South Africa's draft food-labelling regulations: Protein content, amino acid profiles and calcium","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223300514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294982442600618X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287124","display_name":"Food and Humanity","issn_l":"2949-8244","issn":["2949-8244"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food and Humanity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294982442600618X/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021444783","display_name":"Elaine Pieterse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5086-3654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5086-3654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elaine Pieterse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5086-3654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066131112","display_name":"Beulah Pretorius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-8009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-8009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beulah Pretorius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-8009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042095227","display_name":"Hettie Carina Sch\u00f6nfeldt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-4489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-4489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hester Carina Sch\u00f6nfeldt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-4489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021444783"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83818746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"101610","last_page":"101610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12057","display_name":"Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12057","display_name":"Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14127","display_name":"Food Nutrient Composition and Product Development","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14242","display_name":"Nutrition, Health, and Society Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-based-milk-alternatives","display_name":"plant-based milk alternatives","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-labeling-regulation","display_name":"food labeling regulation","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid-composition","display_name":"amino acid composition","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-quality","display_name":"protein quality","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid-score","display_name":"amino acid score","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-content","display_name":"calcium content","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soy-milk","display_name":"soy milk","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/almond-milk","display_name":"almond milk","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oat-milk","display_name":"oat milk","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rice-milk","display_name":"rice milk","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coconut-milk","display_name":"coconut milk","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cow-milk-comparison","display_name":"cow milk comparison","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-of-pack-warning-labels","display_name":"front-of-pack warning labels","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.8939999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5900999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.5597000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.45559999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020774095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185217","display_name":"Milk products","level":2,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519063684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706","display_name":"Calcium","level":2,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87662996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5256447","display_name":"Health claims on food labels","level":2,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993643364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8495","display_name":"Milk protein","level":2,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993070364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3142557","display_name":"Amino acid analysis","level":3,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777560085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25105257","display_name":"Protein quality","level":2,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43679160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17117207","display_name":"Modified milk ingredients","level":3,"score":0.3495999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018122547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690813","display_name":"Health benefits","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777908453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128255","display_name":"By-product","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992972311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8495","display_name":"Cow milk","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294982442600618X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287124","display_name":"Food and Humanity","issn_l":"2949-8244","issn":["2949-8244"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food and Humanity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7661716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7661716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7661716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2026.101610","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294982442600618X/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387287124","display_name":"Food and Humanity","issn_l":"2949-8244","issn":["2949-8244"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Food and Humanity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.46810001134872437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8744342723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SARCI170808259212","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223300514.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223300514.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501223773","https://openalex.org/W1588747168","https://openalex.org/W1956270111","https://openalex.org/W2038218131","https://openalex.org/W2046914949","https://openalex.org/W2154308171","https://openalex.org/W2171412593","https://openalex.org/W2510243693","https://openalex.org/W2887827629","https://openalex.org/W2970380304","https://openalex.org/W2984265948","https://openalex.org/W3021554703","https://openalex.org/W3022138519","https://openalex.org/W3116041842","https://openalex.org/W3205081059","https://openalex.org/W4281388703","https://openalex.org/W4285010714","https://openalex.org/W4290672568","https://openalex.org/W4307706235","https://openalex.org/W4313246888","https://openalex.org/W4380151279","https://openalex.org/W4385564840","https://openalex.org/W4386799264","https://openalex.org/W4390988767","https://openalex.org/W4392169287","https://openalex.org/W4398156593","https://openalex.org/W4402176300","https://openalex.org/W4406630706","https://openalex.org/W4417122874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168235212","https://openalex.org/W4290672568","https://openalex.org/W4415127001","https://openalex.org/W4417122874","https://openalex.org/W4383312339","https://openalex.org/W4385358911","https://openalex.org/W4388440987","https://openalex.org/W4415422926","https://openalex.org/W4388931643","https://openalex.org/W4309003923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"evaluated":[2],"the":[3,92,108,122,128,150,174,199,203,232,237,248,267,279],"protein":[4,85,170],"quality":[5],"and":[6,8,32,40,59,87,215,223,261,288],"health":[7],"nutrition":[9],"claim":[10,68,160,290],"eligibility":[11,69],"of":[12,121,158,169,173,198,205,219,228,241],"plant-based":[13],"milk":[14,63,83,104,135],"alternatives":[15],"(PBMAs)":[16],"in":[17,84],"South":[18],"African":[19],"retail":[20],"markets":[21],"against":[22],"proposed":[23,249],"R3337":[24,42,67,110,152,250],"food-labelling":[25],"regulations":[26],"(South":[27],"Africa's":[28],"draft":[29,41,66,109,151,293],"front-of-pack":[30,193],"warning-label":[31],"claims":[33],"framework)":[34],"(R337,":[35],"2023).":[36],"Amino":[37],"acid":[38,44,89,112,118,141,145],"profiles":[39],"amino":[43,88,111,117,140],"scores":[45],"(Annexure":[46],"4)":[47],"were":[48],"determined":[49],"on":[50],"20":[51,76,175,200],"PBMA":[52,148],"products":[53,182,222],"(soy,":[54],"almond,":[55],"oat,":[56],"rice,":[57],"coconut)":[58],"compared":[60],"to":[61,138],"cow":[62,82,103],"(n=13),":[64],"with":[65,143],"assessed":[70,209],"product":[71,73,211,254,265],"by":[72],"for":[74,133,155,281],"all":[75,179,213],"PBMAs.":[77],"Soy":[78],"most":[79],"closely":[80],"approximated":[81],"content":[86],"profile,":[90],"while":[91,196],"remaining":[93],"categories":[94],"showed":[95],"substantial":[96],"deficits.":[97],"With":[98],"these":[99],"data":[100],"not":[101,190,246],"even":[102],"(scores":[105],"32\u201365%)":[106],"met":[107,149,202],"criterion":[113],"that":[114],"every":[115],"indispensable":[116],"reaches":[119],"100%":[120],"Annexure":[123,268],"4":[124],"reference":[125],"pattern,":[126],"although":[127],"regulation\u2019s":[129],"own":[130],"worked":[131],"example":[132],"skim":[134],"passes,":[136],"pointing":[137],"incomplete":[139],"recovery":[142],"single-timepoint":[144],"hydrolysis.":[146],"No":[147],"liquid":[153],"threshold":[154],"a":[156,192,275],"\u2018source":[157,204,240],"protein\u2019":[159],"(\u22655":[161],"g/100":[162,187],"ml),":[163,188],"so":[164],"none":[165],"was":[166],"eligible":[167],"irrespective":[168],"quality.":[171],"Nineteen":[172],"PBMAs":[176],"(95%),":[177],"including":[178],"six":[180],"sweetened":[181],"(analysed":[183],"total":[184],"sugar":[185],"2.3\u20134.2":[186],"would":[189,245],"require":[191],"warning":[194],"label,":[195],"16":[197],"(80%)":[201],"calcium\u2019":[206,242],"condition":[207],"when":[208],"per":[210],"\u2014":[212],"soy":[214],"almond":[216],"products,":[217],"three":[218],"four":[220,227],"oat":[221,253],"one":[224,252,262],"rice":[225],"product,":[226],"them":[229],"exactly":[230],"at":[231],"15%":[233],"NRV":[234],"threshold.":[235],"Of":[236],"11":[238],"on-pack":[239],"claims,":[243],"two":[244],"meet":[247],"conditions:":[251],"contained":[255],"only":[256],"10":[257],"mg":[258],"calcium/100":[259],"ml,":[260],"fortified":[263],"coconut":[264],"failed":[266],"8":[269],"nutrient-profiling":[270],"screen.":[271],"These":[272],"findings":[273],"highlight":[274],"regulatory":[276],"gap":[277],"underscoring":[278],"need":[280],"minimum":[282],"compositional":[283],"requirements,":[284],"standardised":[285],"analytical":[286],"protocols,":[287],"stricter":[289],"enforcement":[291],"within":[292],"R3337.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}