{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223266069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","title":"Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Agricultural Workers in Rural Communities of Loja, Ecuador","display_name":"Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Agricultural Workers in Rural Communities of Loja, Ecuador","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223266069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42925045","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13732336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","pdf_url":"https://www.mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/download/18879/13538","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105770365","display_name":"La Medicina del Lavoro","issn_l":"0025-7818","issn":["0025-7818","2532-1080"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322765259","host_organization_name":"Italian Society of Occupational Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322765259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Italian Society of Occupational Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"La Medicina del Lavoro","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/download/18879/13538","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120797558","display_name":"D\u00e1maris Campa\u00f1a-Cuich\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9641-2227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9641-2227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39398033","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador","ror":"https://ror.org/02qztda51","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39398033"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D\u00e1maris Campa\u00f1a","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Salud y Bienestar, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador (PUCE), Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9641-2227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Salud y Bienestar, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador (PUCE), Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39398033"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094144046","display_name":"Isabel Masson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-9078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-9078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140740","display_name":"Universidad Internacional del Ecuador","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf2rc74","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140740"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabel Masson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escuela de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, de la Salud y la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador (UIDE), Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-9078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escuela de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, de la Salud y la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador (UIDE), Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140740"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123334649","display_name":"Diana Estefan\u00eda V\u00e1squez-Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6610-0414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6610-0414"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39398033","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador","ror":"https://ror.org/02qztda51","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39398033"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana V\u00e1squez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Salud y Bienestar, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador (PUCE), Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6610-0414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Salud y Bienestar, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador (PUCE), Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39398033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024351366","display_name":"Samuel Olegario I\u00f1iguez Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4722-7611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4722-7611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39398033","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador","ror":"https://ror.org/02qztda51","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39398033"]}],"countries":["EC"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel I\u00f1iguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Salud y Bienestar, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador (PUCE), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Salud en Am\u00e9rica Latina (CISeAL), Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4722-7611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Salud y Bienestar, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Ecuador (PUCE), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n para la Salud en Am\u00e9rica Latina (CISeAL), Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39398033"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024351366"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39398033"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8276362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"117","issue":"5","first_page":"18879","last_page":"18879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12732","display_name":"Agriculture and Farm Safety","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12732","display_name":"Agriculture and Farm Safety","score":0.8335000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.12269999831914902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musculoskeletal-symptoms","display_name":"musculoskeletal symptoms","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-labor","display_name":"agricultural labor","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmers","display_name":"farmers","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-health","display_name":"occupational health","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-back-pain","display_name":"low back pain","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neck-pain","display_name":"neck pain","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-pain","display_name":"knee pain","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overweight","display_name":"overweight","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-posture","display_name":"work posture","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-hours","display_name":"working hours","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociodemographic-factors","display_name":"sociodemographic factors","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loja-ecuador","display_name":"Loja, Ecuador","score":0.7979999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.722100019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7214999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6122999787330627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5533999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.4763999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020807102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5060555","display_name":"Farm workers","level":3,"score":0.36169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781038967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3567802","display_name":"Neck pain","level":3,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779958979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3473027","display_name":"Rural health","level":3,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993471631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116663","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778421134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628764","display_name":"Occupational medicine","level":3,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780907711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852163","display_name":"Low back pain","level":3,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776501849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5781808","display_name":"Back pain","level":3,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777414892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116663","display_name":"Musculoskeletal disorder","level":4,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57868080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075807","display_name":"Occupational prestige","level":4,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034588","display_name":"Work-related musculoskeletal disorders","level":4,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186079640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719602","display_name":"Prevalence","level":3,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067565","descriptor_name":"Farmers","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000382","descriptor_name":"Agricultural Workers' Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004484","descriptor_name":"Ecuador","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009140","descriptor_name":"Musculoskeletal Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011795","descriptor_name":"Surveys and Questionnaires","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","pdf_url":"https://www.mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/download/18879/13538","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105770365","display_name":"La Medicina del Lavoro","issn_l":"0025-7818","issn":["0025-7818","2532-1080"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322765259","host_organization_name":"Italian Society of Occupational Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322765259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Italian Society of Occupational Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"La Medicina del Lavoro","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42925045","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42925045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"La Medicina del lavoro","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13732336","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13732336/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Med Lav","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.2026.18879","pdf_url":"https://www.mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/download/18879/13538","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105770365","display_name":"La Medicina del Lavoro","issn_l":"0025-7818","issn":["0025-7818","2532-1080"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322765259","host_organization_name":"Italian Society of Occupational Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322765259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Italian Society of Occupational Medicine"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"La Medicina del Lavoro","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9907000064849854},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6735000014305115}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223266069.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223266069.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496057127","https://openalex.org/W1976205719","https://openalex.org/W1993836018","https://openalex.org/W2091393416","https://openalex.org/W2118483281","https://openalex.org/W2232014423","https://openalex.org/W2416143747","https://openalex.org/W2747976146","https://openalex.org/W2759135802","https://openalex.org/W2769071886","https://openalex.org/W2810328753","https://openalex.org/W2901656652","https://openalex.org/W2947902365","https://openalex.org/W2963448849","https://openalex.org/W3045008121","https://openalex.org/W3046918281","https://openalex.org/W3164335154","https://openalex.org/W3193781113","https://openalex.org/W4200504003","https://openalex.org/W4210541803","https://openalex.org/W4281656373","https://openalex.org/W4284896140","https://openalex.org/W4291034416","https://openalex.org/W4293030856","https://openalex.org/W4293539417","https://openalex.org/W4294252841","https://openalex.org/W4310036299","https://openalex.org/W4310459602","https://openalex.org/W4311527069","https://openalex.org/W4321351120","https://openalex.org/W4376612954","https://openalex.org/W4385490066","https://openalex.org/W4388225451","https://openalex.org/W4388970605","https://openalex.org/W4390740329","https://openalex.org/W4392832421","https://openalex.org/W4402924365","https://openalex.org/W4403399704","https://openalex.org/W4407048737","https://openalex.org/W4411002363","https://openalex.org/W4413362561","https://openalex.org/W7131238256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417309769","https://openalex.org/W3106439973","https://openalex.org/W4411002363","https://openalex.org/W7221176674","https://openalex.org/W1975754827","https://openalex.org/W7070964084","https://openalex.org/W3000673959","https://openalex.org/W4406700893","https://openalex.org/W4409405292","https://openalex.org/W7217380658"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Musculoskeletal":[1,80],"symptoms":[2],"(MSS)":[3],"are":[4,164],"among":[5,31,56,73,167],"the":[6,20,42,77,89,119,176],"most":[7],"common":[8],"occupational":[9,54,107,151,180],"health":[10,181],"problems":[11],"worldwide":[12],"and":[13,46,53,94,106,125,136,150],"disproportionately":[14],"affect":[15],"agricultural":[16,57,168,188],"workers":[17,58,169],"because":[18],"of":[19,23,44,92,113],"physical":[21],"demands":[22],"their":[24],"work.":[25],"However,":[26],"evidence":[27],"on":[28],"MSS":[29,45,114,148,163],"prevalence":[30,43,91,112,149],"farmers":[32,75],"in":[33,59,62,118,170,187],"Ecuador":[34],"remains":[35],"limited.":[36],"This":[37],"study":[38,70],"aimed":[39],"to":[40,87,101,183],"estimate":[41,88],"examine":[47],"its":[48],"association":[49],"with":[50,104,132,139],"selected":[51],"sociodemographic":[52,105],"factors":[55],"rural":[60,171],"communities":[61],"Loja,":[63],"Ecuador.":[64,172],"METHODS:":[65],"A":[66,110],"descriptive,":[67],"analytical,":[68],"cross-sectional":[69],"was":[71,115,129],"conducted":[72,100],"103":[74],"using":[76],"Standardized":[78],"Nordic":[79],"Questionnaire":[81],"(NMQ).":[82],"Descriptive":[83],"statistics":[84],"were":[85,99,145],"used":[86],"12-month":[90],"MSS,":[93],"multivariate":[95],"logistic":[96],"regression":[97],"analyses":[98],"assess":[102],"associations":[103,144],"variables.":[108],"RESULTS:":[109],"high":[111],"observed,":[116],"particularly":[117],"lower":[120,133],"back":[121,134],"(78.6%),":[122],"knees":[123],"(64.1%),":[124],"neck":[126,140],"(58.3%).":[127],"Overweight":[128],"significantly":[130],"associated":[131,138],"pain":[135],"marginally":[137],"pain.":[141],"No":[142],"significant":[143],"found":[146],"between":[147],"exposure":[152],"variables,":[153],"such":[154],"as":[155],"working":[156,160],"posture":[157],"or":[158],"weekly":[159],"hours.":[161],"CONCLUSIONS:":[162],"highly":[165],"prevalent":[166],"These":[173],"findings":[174],"highlight":[175],"need":[177],"for":[178],"preventive":[179],"strategies":[182],"reduce":[184],"musculoskeletal":[185],"risk":[186],"settings.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}
