{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223263474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","title":"A scale-invariant framework for integrating nature-based solutions into dense urban areas to improve accessibility and equity of access to urban blue and green spaces","display_name":"A scale-invariant framework for integrating nature-based solutions into dense urban areas to improve accessibility and equity of access to urban blue and green spaces","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223263474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194154261","display_name":"Ecological Indicators","issn_l":"1470-160X","issn":["1470-160X","1872-7034"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Indicators","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061935565","display_name":"Yangzi Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6403-0925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6403-0925"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142631665","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/02nwvxz07","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126119","display_name":"Laboratoire Eau, Environnement et Syst\u00e8mes Urbains","ror":"https://ror.org/02nqy7n35","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I197681013","https://openalex.org/I2800365227","https://openalex.org/I4210126119","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yangzi Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Water, Environment and Urban Systems Laboratory, \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Champs-sur-Marne 77455, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water, Environment and Urban Systems Laboratory, \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Champs-sur-Marne 77455, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I4210126119","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009835040","display_name":"Daniel Schertzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-5115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-5115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142631665","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/02nwvxz07","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137874","display_name":"Hydrologie M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie et Complexit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd1w03","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I4210137874","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Schertzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydrology Meteorology & Complexity Laboratory, \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Champs-sur-Marne 77455, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrology Meteorology & Complexity Laboratory, \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Champs-sur-Marne 77455, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I4210137874","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042936911","display_name":"Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-987X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-987X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142631665","display_name":"\u00c9cole nationale des ponts et chauss\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/02nwvxz07","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137874","display_name":"Hydrologie M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie et Complexit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbd1w03","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I4210137874","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hydrology Meteorology & Complexity Laboratory, \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Champs-sur-Marne 77455, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hydrology Meteorology & Complexity Laboratory, \u00c9cole Nationale des Ponts et Chauss\u00e9es, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Champs-sur-Marne 77455, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I4210137874","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061935565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I4210126119","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82505043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"192","issue":null,"first_page":"115767","last_page":"115767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.01600000075995922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13654","display_name":"Urban Planning and Landscape Design","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-based-solutions","display_name":"nature-based solutions","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-space-accessibility","display_name":"green space accessibility","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-equity","display_name":"spatial equity","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-dimension","display_name":"fractal dimension","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gini-coefficient","display_name":"Gini coefficient","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dense-urban-areas","display_name":"dense urban areas","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paris","display_name":"Paris","score":0.8939999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.6658999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779206190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162455","display_name":"Gini coefficient","level":4,"score":0.5866000056266785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.43459999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4316999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780057273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427027","display_name":"Green infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154611951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393233","display_name":"Urban agglomeration","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2948000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25287524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13416790","display_name":"Social equality","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133905733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629238","display_name":"Multifractal system","level":3,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2662999927997589}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194154261","display_name":"Ecological Indicators","issn_l":"1470-160X","issn":["1470-160X","1872-7034"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Indicators","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d6cc0ac17544727ae3b61daf9c9d4a2","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d6cc0ac17544727ae3b61daf9c9d4a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Indicators, Vol 192, Iss , Pp 115767- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.115767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194154261","display_name":"Ecological Indicators","issn_l":"1470-160X","issn":["1470-160X","1872-7034"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecological Indicators","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.4390000104904175,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202456592","https://openalex.org/W1178327149","https://openalex.org/W1969324628","https://openalex.org/W1973818779","https://openalex.org/W1985167449","https://openalex.org/W1991565460","https://openalex.org/W1994055968","https://openalex.org/W2000215763","https://openalex.org/W2002596522","https://openalex.org/W2007821030","https://openalex.org/W2017587126","https://openalex.org/W2043200782","https://openalex.org/W2045345437","https://openalex.org/W2049576884","https://openalex.org/W2059258655","https://openalex.org/W2068429102","https://openalex.org/W2094547995","https://openalex.org/W2153317253","https://openalex.org/W2178585839","https://openalex.org/W2792633259","https://openalex.org/W2794254317","https://openalex.org/W2796018877","https://openalex.org/W2802747347","https://openalex.org/W2900113387","https://openalex.org/W2922447321","https://openalex.org/W3004417023","https://openalex.org/W3004840821","https://openalex.org/W3006593027","https://openalex.org/W3011869711","https://openalex.org/W3109603669","https://openalex.org/W3184581389","https://openalex.org/W3195856879","https://openalex.org/W3199670348","https://openalex.org/W3212024056","https://openalex.org/W4220688427","https://openalex.org/W4226016687","https://openalex.org/W4290659920","https://openalex.org/W4313537910","https://openalex.org/W4384498181","https://openalex.org/W4386130714","https://openalex.org/W4386173702","https://openalex.org/W4386633822","https://openalex.org/W4388591350","https://openalex.org/W4388765566","https://openalex.org/W4390571813","https://openalex.org/W4391825161","https://openalex.org/W4396919859","https://openalex.org/W4403572556","https://openalex.org/W4404695826","https://openalex.org/W4408579488","https://openalex.org/W4409340984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135371400","https://openalex.org/W7133166567","https://openalex.org/W4383709019","https://openalex.org/W3175797101","https://openalex.org/W4416772114","https://openalex.org/W4412838551","https://openalex.org/W4414229606","https://openalex.org/W4405265025","https://openalex.org/W6886827164","https://openalex.org/W3166451521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Improving":[0],"accessibility":[1,87,156,212],"and":[2,10,18,36,45,79,88,141,157,213],"spatial":[3,57,69,89,125,158,215],"equity":[4,90,159,216],"of":[5,29,59,77,82,91,118,152,160,179,204,217,235],"access":[6,92,161],"to":[7,85,114,148,162,194,230],"Urban":[8],"Blue":[9],"Green":[11],"Spaces":[12],"(UB&GS)":[13],"could":[14],"potentially":[15],"benefit":[16],"biodiversity":[17],"urban":[19],"sustainability.":[20],"Nature-Based":[21],"Solutions":[22],"(NBS),":[23],"serving":[24],"as":[25,129,146],"small-scale":[26],"decentralised":[27],"forms":[28],"UB&GS,":[30,163],"can":[31,173],"enhance":[32],"both":[33],"environmental":[34],"quality":[35],"human":[37],"well-being":[38],"by":[39,192,201],"fostering":[40],"positive":[41],"interactions":[42],"between":[43],"humans":[44],"the":[46,56,73,80,116,134,150,169,176,182,188,197,207,220,232],"natural":[47],"environment.":[48],"While":[49],"there":[50],"is":[51],"growing":[52],"interest":[53],"in":[54,154,224,237],"assessing":[55],"distribution":[58],"UB&GS":[60,78,122],"at":[61],"multiple":[62],"scales,":[63,126],"existing":[64,121],"evaluations":[65],"commonly":[66],"examine":[67],"each":[68],"scale":[70],"separately.":[71],"Consequently,":[72],"intrinsic":[74],"scaling":[75],"relationships":[76],"potential":[81],"NBS":[83,119,153,180,186,236],"integration":[84,117,178],"improve":[86],"across":[93,123,206],"scales":[94],"remain":[95],"insufficiently":[96],"explored.":[97],"To":[98],"address":[99],"this":[100,102,225],"gap,":[101],"study":[103,208,226],"develops":[104],"a":[105,130,202],"scale-invariant":[106,171,221],"framework":[107,172,222],"based":[108],"on":[109],"Universal":[110],"Multifractal":[111],"(UM)":[112],"theory":[113],"support":[115,175,231],"into":[120,181],"various":[124],"using":[127],"Paris":[128],"case":[131],"study.":[132],"Then,":[133],"fractal":[135],"dimension":[136],"(":[137],"D":[138,189],"F":[139,190],")":[140],"Gini":[142,198],"index":[143,199],"are":[144],"employed":[145],"indicators":[147],"assess":[149],"effectiveness":[151],"enhancing":[155],"respectively.":[164],"The":[165],"results":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"that":[168],"developed":[170,223],"effectively":[174],"optimal":[177],"current":[183],"UB&GS.":[184],"With":[185],"integration,":[187],"increases":[191],"up":[193],"0.07,":[195],"while":[196],"decreases":[200],"maximum":[203],"0.27":[205],"areas,":[209],"indicating":[210],"improved":[211],"enhanced":[214],"access.":[218],"Overall,":[219],"provides":[227],"quantitative":[228],"recommendations":[229],"sustainable":[233],"deployment":[234],"highly":[238],"urbanised":[239],"areas.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}