{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223262253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.31554","title":"ArcTN: Efficient Tensor-Network Contraction Planning for Quantum Circuit Simulation","display_name":"ArcTN: Efficient Tensor-Network Contraction Planning for Quantum Circuit Simulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223262253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.31554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.31554","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31554","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.31554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.31554","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159349397","display_name":"Zhengyi Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Zhengyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arclight Quantum Computing Inc "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arclight Quantum Computing Inc ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159332277","display_name":"Li Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159366688","display_name":"Songtao Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Songtao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arclight Quantum Computing Inc "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arclight Quantum Computing Inc ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159310879","display_name":"Xianglong Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Xianglong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arclight Quantum Computing Inc "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arclight Quantum Computing Inc ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159338214","display_name":"Xiangzhen Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134687103","display_name":"Nanjing Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sd35x91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou, Xiangzhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arclight Quantum Computing Inc ","Nanjing Tech University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arclight Quantum Computing Inc ","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Tech University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134687103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103036649","display_name":"Mingyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-8673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2829-8673"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang, Mingyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arclight Quantum Computing Inc "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arclight Quantum Computing Inc ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130577537","display_name":"Dingchao Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9008-6998","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9008-6998"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gao, Dingchao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arclight Quantum Computing Inc "],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arclight Quantum Computing Inc ","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075583677","display_name":"Shenggang Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-5142","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5052-5142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying, Shenggang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software , Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software , Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159367219","display_name":"Bolong Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen, Bolong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081435269","display_name":"Ji Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-0029","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-0029"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan, Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Software , Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Software , Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor-network-contraction","display_name":"tensor network contraction","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit-simulation","display_name":"quantum circuit simulation","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-tempering","display_name":"parallel tempering","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-cost-reduction","display_name":"computational complexity reduction","score":0.6330000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.8425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6118000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.454800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163415756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126473","display_name":"Contraction (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017489831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Running time","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71559656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671298","display_name":"Divide and conquer algorithms","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.31554","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31554","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.31554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.31554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.31554","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.31554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.31554","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31554","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.31554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223262253.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223262253.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577352482","https://openalex.org/W1975277392","https://openalex.org/W2002664623","https://openalex.org/W2013145865","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2072969317","https://openalex.org/W2293506269","https://openalex.org/W2810421208","https://openalex.org/W2891143562","https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W3005044149","https://openalex.org/W4226435553","https://openalex.org/W4287025872","https://openalex.org/W4389159513","https://openalex.org/W4396986598","https://openalex.org/W4415796214","https://openalex.org/W7143881975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754727929","https://openalex.org/W6891779890","https://openalex.org/W3005044149","https://openalex.org/W4308090279","https://openalex.org/W3019133060","https://openalex.org/W3201218676","https://openalex.org/W4224234354","https://openalex.org/W7055612500","https://openalex.org/W3133424961","https://openalex.org/W7201876461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tensor-network":[0],"simulation":[1],"of":[2,152,177],"quantum":[3],"circuits":[4],"depends":[5],"on":[6,43,134,172,195],"contraction":[7],"orders":[8],"with":[9,29,54],"low":[10],"computational":[11],"cost":[12,151],"and":[13,38,51,62,69,91,98,104,120,138,166,203,209],"small":[14],"intermediate":[15],"tensors,":[16],"found":[17],"without":[18],"excessive":[19],"planning":[20,35,165,201],"time.":[21],"We":[22],"present":[23],"ArcTN,":[24],"a":[25,156],"contraction-order":[26],"optimization":[27],"framework":[28],"two":[30],"search":[31],"presets.":[32],"Light":[33,86],"keeps":[34],"overhead":[36],"low,":[37],"Heavy":[39,99,111,160,189],"spends":[40],"more":[41],"effort":[42],"refinement.":[44],"Both":[45],"combine":[46],"randomized-greedy":[47],"construction,":[48],"subtree":[49],"reconfiguration,":[50],"parallel":[52],"tempering":[53],"stage-specific":[55],"stopping":[56],"rules.":[57],"ArcTN":[58],"also":[59,112],"provides":[60],"Fixed":[61,147],"Dynamic":[63,124],"slicing":[64,125],"to":[65,146],"meet":[66],"tensor-size":[67],"limits":[68,129],"executes":[70],"the":[71,75,127,150,162,173,191,196],"returned":[72],"orders.":[73],"On":[74,180],"30":[76],"QC32":[77],"quantum-circuit":[78],"networks":[79,137,182,199],"completed":[80],"by":[81,89,102,143],"all":[82,131,176],"eight":[83],"compared":[84],"configurations,":[85],"reduces":[87,100,139],"FLOPs":[88,101,116,142,194],"61.32%":[90],"plans":[92,105,121],"1.62$\\times$":[93],"faster":[94,107,205],"than":[95,108,117,206],"Cotengra":[96,109,207],"Auto/CMA-ES,":[97],"43.83%":[103],"7.21$\\times$":[106],"AutoHQ/Optuna.":[110],"needs":[113],"11.85%":[114],"fewer":[115],"OMECO":[118],"TreeSA-8":[119],"1.33$\\times$":[122],"faster.":[123],"meets":[126],"size":[128],"in":[130],"90":[132],"runs":[133,174],"18":[135],"scalar-output":[136],"total":[140],"sliced":[141],"31.99%":[144],"relative":[145],"slicing,":[148],"at":[149],"longer":[153],"planning.":[154],"With":[155],"common":[157],"NumPy":[158],"executor,":[159],"has":[161],"lowest":[163,192],"combined":[164],"execution":[167],"time":[168],"among":[169],"five":[170],"configurations":[171],"that":[175],"them":[178],"completed.":[179],"672":[181],"built":[183],"from":[184],"320":[185],"MQT":[186],"Bench":[187],"circuits,":[188],"obtains":[190],"geometric-mean":[193],"142":[197],"large":[198],"while":[200],"3.1$\\times$":[202],"31$\\times$":[204],"AutoHQ":[208],"Hyper128.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}