{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223258369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x","title":"Serum relaxin and beta hCG levels in pregnant women with prior recurrent pregnancy loss and composite adverse pregnancy outcomes","display_name":"Serum relaxin and beta hCG levels in pregnant women with prior recurrent pregnancy loss and composite adverse pregnancy outcomes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223258369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76415-x_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76415-x_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083668009","display_name":"George Uchenna Eleje","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0390-2152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0390-2152"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Uchenna Eleje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (Nnewi Campus), P.M.B. 5001, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","Institute of Maternal and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0390-2152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (Nnewi Campus), P.M.B. 5001, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Maternal and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081769927","display_name":"Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3342-434X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3342-434X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164256","display_name":"University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05fx5mz56","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","Institute of Maternal and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Maternal and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048730012","display_name":"Christian Ejike Onah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-392X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4611-392X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Ejike Onah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015227756","display_name":"Emeka Philip Igbodike","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4698-6226","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4698-6226"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197610006","display_name":"University of Lagos","ror":"https://ror.org/05rk03822","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emeka Philip Igbodike","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197610006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062844917","display_name":"Divinefavour Echezona Malachy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-2225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-2225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Divinefavour Echezona Malachy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085921439","display_name":"Ekeuda Uchenna Nwankwo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ekeuda Uchenna Nwankwo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rural Community Clinical School, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rural Community Clinical School, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111993889","display_name":"J. Ugboaja","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Odirichukwu Ugboaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000012369","display_name":"Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2515-8464","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2515-8464"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","Institute of Maternal and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Maternal and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039873637","display_name":"Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-3492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-3492"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013579293","display_name":"Michel Chiedu Egbuniwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-7435","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-7435"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5728261","display_name":"University of Sunderland","ror":"https://ror.org/04p55hr04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5728261"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Chiedu Egbuniwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences & Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences & Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5728261"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087919684","display_name":"Emeka Stephen Edokwe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emeka Stephen Edokwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159347414","display_name":"Uchechukwu Michael Egwim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uchechukwu Michael Egwim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rohari Group LTD, Reading, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rohari Group LTD, Reading, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089716306","display_name":"Osita Samuel Umeononihu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-3845","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-3845"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osita Samuel Umeononihu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085227931","display_name":"Kingsley Emeka Ekwuazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-4018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-4018"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164256","display_name":"University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05fx5mz56","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kingsley Emeka Ekwuazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113227173","display_name":"Onyecherelam Monday Ogelle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onyecherelam Monday Ogelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069846572","display_name":"Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4458-8216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4458-8216"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037552290","display_name":"Sylvester Onuegbunam Nweze","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131561025","display_name":"Enugu State University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ntynb59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvester Onuegbunam Nweze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068448327","display_name":"Malachy Nwaeze Ezenwaeze","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131561025","display_name":"Enugu State University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ntynb59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malachy Nwaeze Ezenwaeze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062406094","display_name":"Boniface Uwaezuoke Odugu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131561025","display_name":"Enugu State University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ntynb59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boniface Uwaezuoke Odugu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008330683","display_name":"Kelvin Emeka Ortuanya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3778-5432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3778-5432"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131561025","display_name":"Enugu State University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ntynb59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelvin Emeka Ortuanya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099610497","display_name":"Nnanyereugo Livinus Onah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131561025","display_name":"Enugu State University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ntynb59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nnanyereugo Livinus Onah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088690782","display_name":"Nnanyelugo Chima Ezeora","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131561025","display_name":"Enugu State University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ntynb59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nnanyelugo Chima Ezeora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065471568","display_name":"Chukwuemeka Jude Ofojebe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chukwuemeka Jude Ofojebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017198331","display_name":"Chijioke Ogomegbulam Ezeigwe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chijioke Ogomegbunam Ezeigwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082093987","display_name":"Chukwunonso Isaiah Enechukwu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-5127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-5127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chukwunonso Isaiah Enechukwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037841030","display_name":"Stanley Chigaemezu Egbogu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanley Chigaemezu Egbogu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092900456","display_name":"Obinna Kenneth Nnabuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9367-687X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9367-687X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Obinna Kenneth Nnabuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084137476","display_name":"Boniface Chukwuneme Okpala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-373X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1693-373X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boniface Chukwuneme Okpala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028315978","display_name":"Ifeanyi Johnson Onyekpa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131561025","display_name":"Enugu State University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04ntynb59","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ifeanyi Johnson Onyekpa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131561025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114284313","display_name":"Kingsley Chidiebere Nwaogu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6493-5286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6493-5286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kingsley Chidiebere Nwaogu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117496810","display_name":"Isaiah Chukwuebuka Umeoranefo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaiah Chukwuebuka Umeoranefo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029897943","display_name":"Eziamaka Pauline Ezenkwele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6968-9369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6968-9369"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164256","display_name":"University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05fx5mz56","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eziamaka Pauline Ezenkwele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030672603","display_name":"Gerald Tochukwu Igwemadu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-0432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-0432"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117242","display_name":"Queen's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02rnep118","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293052470","https://openalex.org/I4210117242"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Tochukwu Igwemadu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queens Hospital, Romford, Essex, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queens Hospital, Romford, Essex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015596786","display_name":"Chidinma Ifechi Onwuka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4656-2741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4656-2741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164256","display_name":"University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05fx5mz56","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chidinma Ifechi Onwuka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082845964","display_name":"Kingsley Chukwu Obioha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164256","display_name":"University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05fx5mz56","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kingsley Chukwu Obioha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030673294","display_name":"Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5772-661X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5772-661X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003775117","display_name":"Malarchy Ekwunife Nwankwo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malarchy Ekwunife Nwankwo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159360209","display_name":"Chukwunwendu Franklin Okeke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chukwunwendu Franklin Okeke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047537768","display_name":"Nnaedozie Paul Obiegbu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-764X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-764X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nnaedozie Paul Obiegbu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010802994","display_name":"Toochukwu Benjamin Ejikeme","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toochukwu Benjamin Ejikeme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118678193","display_name":"Chidinma Theresa Ezidiegwu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8645926","display_name":"University of South Carolina Aiken","ror":"https://ror.org/02d9k9g58","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8645926"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chidinma Theresa Ezidiegwu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, Aiken Regional Medical Centers, Aiken, South Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, Aiken Regional Medical Centers, Aiken, South Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8645926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034261337","display_name":"Chukwuemeka Chidindu Njoku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1772-2321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1772-2321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207227095","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6pfc06","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207227095"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142707","display_name":"Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/041q3q398","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chukwuemeka Chidindu Njoku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063562545","display_name":"Uchenna Ifeanyi Nwagha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-2152","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-2152"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11892038","display_name":"University of Nigeria","ror":"https://ror.org/01sn1yx84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164256","display_name":"University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05fx5mz56","country_code":"NG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uchenna Ifeanyi Nwagha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria","Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","Institute of Maternal and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Human Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164256"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Maternal and Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Campus, Enugu, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083668009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11892038","https://openalex.org/I207227095","https://openalex.org/I4210142707"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74008413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11510","display_name":"Reproductive System and Pregnancy","score":0.6610999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11510","display_name":"Reproductive System and Pregnancy","score":0.6610999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12715","display_name":"Pregnancy-related medical research","score":0.31540000438690186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10290","display_name":"Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxin","display_name":"relaxin","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-hcg","display_name":"beta-hCG","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-pregnancy-loss","display_name":"recurrent pregnancy loss","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-pregnancy-outcomes","display_name":"adverse pregnancy outcomes","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caesarean-birth","display_name":"caesarean birth","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-pregnancy","display_name":"early pregnancy","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-serum-markers","display_name":"maternal serum biomarkers","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777121736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24773888","display_name":"Relaxin","level":3,"score":0.9175000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.527400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776174256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830842","display_name":"BETA (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018745865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749115","display_name":"Postpartum period","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76415-x_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-76415-x","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76415-x_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223258369.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223258369.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1842579417","https://openalex.org/W1978808908","https://openalex.org/W1982367057","https://openalex.org/W2027902054","https://openalex.org/W2069290424","https://openalex.org/W2103228046","https://openalex.org/W2128151441","https://openalex.org/W2129411919","https://openalex.org/W2144718488","https://openalex.org/W2147864935","https://openalex.org/W2255936762","https://openalex.org/W2319326998","https://openalex.org/W2405203902","https://openalex.org/W2901935238","https://openalex.org/W3111206771","https://openalex.org/W3144861820","https://openalex.org/W4225588091","https://openalex.org/W4229079104","https://openalex.org/W4386253968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129411919","https://openalex.org/W3207300176","https://openalex.org/W2355361603","https://openalex.org/W2152521021","https://openalex.org/W4404276008","https://openalex.org/W4391539784","https://openalex.org/W4400308119","https://openalex.org/W4415331295","https://openalex.org/W2555651585","https://openalex.org/W4360609463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"analyse":[1],"maternal":[2,232,243],"serum":[3,156,244],"relaxin":[4,54,98,121,157,245],"and":[5,18,46,55,62,89,99,122,134,144,214,239],"\u03b2-hCG":[6,56,123,184],"in":[7,127,139,250,276],"pregnant":[8,37],"women":[9,38,251],"with":[10,21,39,226,252],"a":[11,22,27,155,162,269],"history":[12,28],"of":[13,65,97,120,166],"recurrent":[14],"pregnancy":[15,104,169],"loss":[16],"(RPL)":[17],"compare":[19],"them":[20],"healthy":[23,47],"control":[24,90],"group":[25,130],"without":[26],"RPL.":[29],"A":[30],"prospective":[31],"cohort":[32,261],"study":[33,77],"was":[34,110,161,187],"conducted":[35],"among":[36],"prior":[40,227,253],"RPL":[41,88,129,228],"(":[42,49,83],"n":[43,50,84],"=":[44,51,85,172,175,178,181,191,194,197,200,209,218,221,265],"47)":[45],"controls":[48,140],"94).":[52],"Serum":[53],"concentrations":[57],"were":[58,72,124],"measured":[59],"between":[60],"8":[61],"20":[63],"weeks":[64],"gestation.":[66],"Receiver":[67],"operating":[68],"characteristic":[69],"(ROC)":[70],"curves":[71],"generated":[73],"across":[74,258],"the":[75,94,128,259],"entire":[76],"population":[78],"followed":[79],"up":[80],"till":[81],"birth":[82,216],"136,":[86],"combining":[87],"groups)":[91],"to":[92,112],"evaluate":[93],"predictive":[95,189,256],"performance":[96,257],"beta-hCG":[100],"for":[101,114,231],"composite":[102,167],"adverse":[103,168],"outcomes.":[105],"Multivariable":[106],"binary":[107],"logistic":[108,204],"regression":[109],"performed":[111],"adjust":[113],"potential":[115,270],"confounding":[116],"variables.":[117],"Mean":[118],"levels":[119,246],"significantly":[125,224,248],"lower":[126,249],"(95.28":[131],"\u00b1":[132,136,142,146],"24.90pg/mL":[133],"425.24":[135],"147.57mIU/mL)":[137],"than":[138],"(111.61":[141],"41.43pg/mL":[143],"542.26":[145],"97.97mIU/mL,":[147],"respectively;":[148],"p":[149,180,199,211,220],"<":[150,159,185,212],"0.001).":[151],"Across":[152],"all":[153],"participants,":[154],"cutoff":[158],"109.14pg/Ml":[160],"statistically":[163],"significant":[164],"predictor":[165],"outcomes":[170],"(AUC":[171,190,264],"0.63;":[173],"sensitivity":[174,193],"72.00%;":[176],"specificity":[177,196],"55.00%;":[179],"0.01).":[182],"Conversely,":[183],"540.48mIU/mL":[186],"not":[188],"0.55;":[192],"59.00%;":[195],"58.00%;":[198],"0.30).":[201],"In":[202],"multivariable":[203],"regression,":[205],"repeat":[206],"miscarriage":[207],"(aOR":[208,217],"31.01,":[210],"0.01)":[213,222],"caesarean":[215],"3.92,":[219],"remained":[223],"associated":[225],"after":[229],"adjusting":[230],"age,":[233],"BMI,":[234],"gestational":[235],"age":[236],"at":[237],"sampling,":[238],"socioeconomic":[240],"status.":[241],"Although":[242],"are":[247],"RPL,":[254],"their":[255],"general":[260],"is":[262],"modest":[263],"0.63).":[266],"Relaxin":[267],"represents":[268],"candidate":[271],"biomarker":[272],"that":[273],"warrants":[274],"validation":[275],"larger,":[277],"longitudinal":[278],"cohorts.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-24T00:00:00"}