{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223208652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.29782","title":"Observation of Size-dependent Optical Modes and Confinement in Fin Cavities using Angle-Resolved Cathodoluminescence","display_name":"Observation of Size-dependent Optical Modes and Confinement in Fin Cavities using Angle-Resolved Cathodoluminescence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223208652","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.29782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.29782","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29782","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.29782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.29782","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046140577","display_name":"Kiana Malmir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-8799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-8799"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malmir, Kiana","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , MD 20899 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , MD 20899 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348027","display_name":"Jonathan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-8799","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-8799","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-5338","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8470-1528"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Jonathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gatan, Inc. , Pleasanton , CA 94588 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gatan, Inc. , Pleasanton , CA 94588 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159296664","display_name":"Douglas Cameron","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron, Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gatan, Inc. , Pleasanton , CA 94588 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gatan, Inc. , Pleasanton , CA 94588 , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037096130","display_name":"Babak Nikoobakht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4369-683X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4369-683X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikoobakht, Babak","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , MD 20899 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , MD 20899 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.7616999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.7616999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","score":0.06289999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10295","display_name":"Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research","score":0.05139999836683273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-mode-confinement","display_name":"optical mode confinement","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabry-perot-cavity","display_name":"Fabry-Perot cavity","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-reflection","display_name":"internal reflection","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facet-angle","display_name":"facet angle","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide-design","display_name":"waveguide design","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139861200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369794","display_name":"Cathodoluminescence","level":3,"score":0.7272999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7178000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6247000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91721477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778612","display_name":"Fin","level":2,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22783969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475329","display_name":"Optical path length","level":2,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3538999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43122875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428522","display_name":"Facet (psychology)","level":4,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168553754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778793","display_name":"Coherence length","level":3,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190269828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856168","display_name":"Optical cavity","level":3,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184880428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417308","display_name":"Finite-difference time-domain method","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776360541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1690440","display_name":"Purcell effect","level":4,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129045301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144654","display_name":"Path length","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77255779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7993947","display_name":"Whispering-gallery wave","level":3,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985930086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65037198","display_name":"Light emission","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110277352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467980","display_name":"Geometrical optics","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160919093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531927","display_name":"Mode volume","level":5,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31872934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417028","display_name":"Optical path","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.29782","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29782","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.29782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.29782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.29782","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.29782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.29782","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.29782","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.29782","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/04chq2495"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223208652.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223208652.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2274057991","https://openalex.org/W3213926990","https://openalex.org/W2921740431","https://openalex.org/W4294718768","https://openalex.org/W4389888806","https://openalex.org/W3179484315","https://openalex.org/W2049220053","https://openalex.org/W1977863965","https://openalex.org/W2907218117","https://openalex.org/W2313545614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"observe":[1],"novel":[2],"optical":[3,148,194],"fringes":[4,71],"and":[5,15,25,39,60,181,196],"emission":[6,26],"coherence":[7],"in":[8,105],"laterally":[9],"formed":[10],"semiconductor":[11],"fins":[12,43],"using":[13],"wavelength-":[14],"angle-resolved":[16],"cathodoluminescence":[17],"(WARCL).":[18],"These":[19],"findings":[20],"demonstrate":[21],"that":[22,68],"cavity":[23,32,35,85,89],"mode":[24,58],"confinement":[27,59],"are":[28],"directly":[29],"governed":[30],"by":[31,156],"geometry":[33,188],"including":[34],"dimensions,":[36],"facet":[37],"angles,":[38],"orientation.":[40],"In":[41],"flat":[42],"narrowing":[44],"the":[45,69,77,88,92,132,140,146,158],"width":[46],"from":[47,73,100,117,135],"3000":[48],"nm":[49,52],"to":[50,102,120,137],"200":[51],"sharpens":[53],"fringe":[54,93,112,124],"intensity,":[55],"indicating":[56],"stronger":[57],"increased":[61],"coherence.":[62],"Finite-difference":[63],"time-domain":[64],"(FDTD)":[65],"simulations":[66],"confirm":[67],"observed":[70,111],"originate":[72],"internal":[74],"reflections":[75],"among":[76],"fin":[78,115,133,159],"facets,":[79],"consistent":[80,108],"with":[81,109],"a":[82,98,166,185],"Fabry-P\u00e9rot":[83],"(FP)":[84],"model":[86],"where":[87],"length":[90,116],"determines":[91],"spacing.":[94],"FDTD":[95],"also":[96],"reveals":[97],"transition":[99],"multi-mode":[101],"single-longitudinal-mode":[103],"behavior":[104],"200-nm":[106],"fins,":[107],"experimentally":[110],"narrowing.":[113],"Increasing":[114],"10":[118],"\u03bcm":[119,122],"30":[121],"compresses":[123],"spacing":[125],"via":[126],"longer":[127],"round-trip":[128],"paths.":[129],"Conversely,":[130],"tilting":[131],"end-facet":[134],"90\u00b0":[136],"45\u00b0":[138],"reduces":[139],"effective":[141],"light":[142,182],"path":[143],"length,":[144],"increasing":[145],"incoherent":[147],"emission.":[149],"Remarkably,":[150],"this":[151],"loss":[152],"can":[153],"be":[154],"offset":[155],"adjusting":[157],"length-to-height":[160],"ratio.":[161],"Results":[162],"suggest":[163],"WARCL":[164],"is":[165],"robust":[167],"in-situ":[168],"method":[169],"for":[170,189],"direct":[171],"characterization":[172],"of":[173,187,192],"individual":[174],"dielectric":[175],"nanocavities,":[176],"mapping":[177],"their":[178],"modal":[179],"profiles":[180],"directionality":[183],"as":[184],"function":[186],"custom":[190],"design":[191],"nanoscale":[193],"sources":[195],"waveguides.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-10-23T00:00:00"}
