{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223207342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2","title":"Development and psychometric validation of a multidimensional menstrual hygiene scale","display_name":"Development and psychometric validation of a multidimensional menstrual hygiene scale","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223207342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-69425-2_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-69425-2_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081658527","display_name":"Ay\u015fe Ayd\u0131n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-1429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-1429","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-2117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64134780","display_name":"Atat\u00fcrk University","ror":"https://ror.org/03je5c526","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ay\u015fe Ayd\u0131n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Atat\u00fcrk University , Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-1429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Atat\u00fcrk University , Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010484197","display_name":"Fatma Ocako\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-5437","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-5437","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0987-2366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64134780","display_name":"Atat\u00fcrk University","ror":"https://ror.org/03je5c526","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatma Ocako\u011flu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Atat\u00fcrk University , Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7973-5437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Atat\u00fcrk University , Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070760712","display_name":"Meltem \u015eirin G\u00f6k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9943","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9943"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64134780","display_name":"Atat\u00fcrk University","ror":"https://ror.org/03je5c526","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meltem \u015eirin G\u00f6k","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Atat\u00fcrk University, Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Atat\u00fcrk University, Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065012293","display_name":"Bahar \u00c7ift\u00e7i","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-3042","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-3042"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64134780","display_name":"Atat\u00fcrk University","ror":"https://ror.org/03je5c526","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bahar \u00c7ift\u00e7i","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Atat\u00fcrk University, Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye","HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, TR-25240, Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-3042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Atat\u00fcrk University, Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, TR-25240, Erzurum, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065012293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64134780"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8255866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12054","display_name":"Menstrual Health and Disorders","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12054","display_name":"Menstrual Health and Disorders","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.013500000350177288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menstrual-hygiene","display_name":"menstrual hygiene","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-development","display_name":"scale development","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-validation","display_name":"psychometric validation","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health","display_name":"women's health","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwashing-behavior","display_name":"handwashing behavior","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-reliability","display_name":"scale reliability","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct-validity","display_name":"construct validity","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6324999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.6087999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909622525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometric testing","level":4,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019714060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322514","display_name":"Validation test","level":4,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779058012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83864","display_name":"Menstrual cycle","level":3,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19875794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207340","display_name":"Item response theory","level":3,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-69425-2_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-69425-2","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-69425-2_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223207342.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7223207342.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400307446","https://openalex.org/W7221814199","https://openalex.org/W4410010473","https://openalex.org/W3017299460","https://openalex.org/W7159620172","https://openalex.org/W4414382982","https://openalex.org/W6977112687","https://openalex.org/W3102566078","https://openalex.org/W3007481558","https://openalex.org/W7141519551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,338],"study":[1,20,70],"was":[2,21,32,60,132,140,153,283,294],"conducted":[3,22,100],"methodologically":[4],"to":[5,65,146,195,202,285,307],"develop":[6],"a":[7,43,176,224,316],"valid":[8,317],"and":[9,25,49,55,78,89,106,115,136,179,212,301,318,326,335,348,351],"reliable":[10,319],"measurement":[11],"tool":[12],"for":[13,62,110,117,155,192,321,343],"assessing":[14,46,322,344],"women\u2019s":[15],"menstrual":[16,198,210,214,249,330,345],"hygiene":[17,331,346],"behaviours.":[18],"The":[19,28,57,69,128,169,186,219,278,310],"between":[23],"June":[24],"December":[26],"2025.":[27],"scale":[29,174,227,339],"development":[30],"process":[31],"carried":[33],"out":[34],"in":[35,85,101,333],"three":[36],"stages:":[37],"creating":[38],"an":[39,258],"item":[40,58,242],"pool":[41,59],"through":[42,97],"literature":[44],"review,":[45],"content":[47,67],"validity,":[48],"conducting":[50],"analyses":[51],"of":[52,182,197,329],"construct":[53,130],"validity":[54,131],"reliability.":[56],"submitted":[61],"expert":[63],"review":[64],"assess":[66],"validity.":[68],"sample":[71],"comprised":[72],"522":[73],"women":[74],"aged":[75],"18":[76],"years":[77],"older":[79],"who":[80],"had":[81],"experienced":[82],"menarche,":[83],"residing":[84],"Erzurum":[86],"city":[87],"center":[88],"recruited":[90],"from":[91],"the":[92,147,150,173,183,200,240,255,308,323],"community":[93,334],"using":[94,134,142],"convenience":[95],"sampling":[96],"face-to-face":[98,126],"interviews":[99],"public":[102],"areas,":[103],"parks,":[104],"streets,":[105],"hospital":[107],"settings:":[108],"297":[109],"Exploratory":[111],"Factor":[112,119],"Analysis":[113,120],"(EFA)":[114],"225":[116],"Confirmatory":[118],"(CFA).":[121],"Data":[122],"were":[123,190,266,299],"collected":[124],"via":[125],"interviews.":[127],"scale\u2019s":[129,279],"examined":[133],"EFA":[135,148],"CFA,":[137],"whilst":[138],"reliability":[139],"assessed":[141],"Cronbach\u2019s":[143],"Alpha.":[144],"According":[145],"results,":[149],"data":[151],"set":[152],"suitable":[154],"factor":[156,188],"analysis":[157,170],"(KMO":[158],"=":[159,164,229,232,291],"0.863;":[160],"Bartlett\u2019s":[161],"Test,":[162],"\u03c7\u00b2":[163],"2262.657,":[165],"p":[166],"<":[167,270],"0.001).":[168],"revealed":[171],"that":[172,254,296,302],"exhibited":[175],"multi-factor":[177],"structure":[178],"explained":[180],"63.53%":[181],"total":[184],"variance.":[185],"highest":[187],"loadings":[189],"observed":[191],"items":[193,304],"related":[194],"awareness":[196],"hygiene,":[199,205],"ability":[201],"maintain":[203],"proper":[204],"handwashing":[206],"practices":[207],"after":[208],"changing":[209],"products,":[211],"storing":[213],"materials":[215],"under":[216],"hygienic":[217],"conditions.":[218],"Menstrual":[220,312],"Hygiene":[221,313],"Scale":[222,234,314],"is":[223,315],"5-point":[225],"Likert-type":[226],"(1":[228],"Never,":[230],"5":[231],"Always).":[233],"scores":[235,246],"are":[236],"calculated":[237],"based":[238],"on":[239],"mean":[241],"score,":[243],"with":[244],"higher":[245],"indicating":[247],"better":[248],"hygiene.":[250],"CFA":[251],"results":[252],"indicated":[253],"model":[256],"demonstrated":[257],"overall":[259],"acceptable":[260],"fit":[261,264],"when":[262],"all":[263,303],"indices":[265],"considered":[267],"together":[268],"(\u03c7\u00b2/df":[269],"5;":[271],"CFI":[272],">":[273,276],"0.90;":[274],"GFI":[275],"0.90).":[277],"internal":[280],"consistency":[281],"coefficient":[282],"found":[284],"be":[286,341],"quite":[287],"high":[288],"(Cronbach\u2019s":[289],"\u03b1":[290],"0.855).":[292],"It":[293],"determined":[295],"item-total":[297],"correlations":[298],"adequate":[300],"contributed":[305],"meaningfully":[306],"scale.":[309],"developed":[311],"instrument":[320],"cognitive,":[324],"behavioral,":[325],"environmental":[327],"dimensions":[328],"management":[332,347],"clinical":[336],"settings.":[337],"may":[340],"useful":[342],"evaluating":[349],"educational":[350],"community-based":[352],"interventions.":[353]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-23T00:00:00"}
