{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223182158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","title":"Macrophage-Associated Profibrotic Programs in Diabetic Epiretinal Membrane and Their Modulation by Faricimab","display_name":"Macrophage-Associated Profibrotic Programs in Diabetic Epiretinal Membrane and Their Modulation by Faricimab","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223182158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42910809","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13715927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76304953","display_name":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science","issn_l":"0146-0404","issn":["0146-0404","1552-5783"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321950","host_organization_name":"Cadmus Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cadmus Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735591","display_name":"Soo Young Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3512-3396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3512-3396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soo Young Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032288643","display_name":"Do Eon Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Do Eon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159233663","display_name":"Ahreum Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahreum Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001950986","display_name":"Hyunmi Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-2991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-2991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunmi Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444810","display_name":"Soo Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5143-7224","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5143-7224"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soo Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159240278","display_name":"Junyeop Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junyeop Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159240278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001","https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82451669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"12","first_page":"51","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.8925999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.8925999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11377","display_name":"Retinal and Macular Surgery","score":0.10279999673366547,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epiretinal-membrane","display_name":"epiretinal membrane","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"diabetic retinopathy","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faricimab","display_name":"faricimab","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-infiltration","display_name":"macrophage infiltration","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tgf-beta1","display_name":"TGF-\u03b21","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix","display_name":"extracellular matrix","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibrovascular-membrane","display_name":"fibrovascular membrane","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-polarization","display_name":"macrophage polarization","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifibrotic-therapy","display_name":"antifibrotic therapy","score":0.7459999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781325737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282783","display_name":"Epiretinal membrane","level":4,"score":0.6348000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4916999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.3846000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.3517000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.2401999980211258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.2378000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23649999499320984}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005355","descriptor_name":"Fibrosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007150","descriptor_name":"Immunohistochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014821","descriptor_name":"Vitrectomy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018033","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Bispecific","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019773","descriptor_name":"Epiretinal Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019773","descriptor_name":"Epiretinal Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019773","descriptor_name":"Epiretinal Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042461","descriptor_name":"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042702","descriptor_name":"Angiopoietin-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042787","descriptor_name":"Receptor, TIE-2","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060888","descriptor_name":"Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76304953","display_name":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science","issn_l":"0146-0404","issn":["0146-0404","1552-5783"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321950","host_organization_name":"Cadmus Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cadmus Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42910809","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42910809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13715927","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13715927/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.67.12.51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S76304953","display_name":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science","issn_l":"0146-0404","issn":["0146-0404","1552-5783"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321950","host_organization_name":"Cadmus Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cadmus Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W763617670","https://openalex.org/W1973944016","https://openalex.org/W1978272429","https://openalex.org/W2010447678","https://openalex.org/W2020813601","https://openalex.org/W2061930104","https://openalex.org/W2065187621","https://openalex.org/W2105913241","https://openalex.org/W2120621109","https://openalex.org/W2120936045","https://openalex.org/W2139866287","https://openalex.org/W2144401929","https://openalex.org/W2301044272","https://openalex.org/W2332598524","https://openalex.org/W2418441486","https://openalex.org/W2531786017","https://openalex.org/W2559257586","https://openalex.org/W2564665116","https://openalex.org/W2615239588","https://openalex.org/W2769278986","https://openalex.org/W2919323987","https://openalex.org/W2999034856","https://openalex.org/W3006476765","https://openalex.org/W3011885872","https://openalex.org/W3198819811","https://openalex.org/W3216625655","https://openalex.org/W4225725489","https://openalex.org/W4297474818","https://openalex.org/W4384695817","https://openalex.org/W4385345288","https://openalex.org/W4405655977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7140176738","https://openalex.org/W4386325587","https://openalex.org/W7222149991","https://openalex.org/W4413889476","https://openalex.org/W2031946401","https://openalex.org/W2963068069","https://openalex.org/W795548181","https://openalex.org/W802237258","https://openalex.org/W4229858529","https://openalex.org/W2991980507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose:":[0],"Epiretinal":[1],"membrane":[2],"(ERM)":[3],"formation":[4,34,214],"in":[5,163,203,215],"diabetic":[6,32,123,216],"retinal":[7,217],"disease":[8],"is":[9],"frequently":[10],"associated":[11,211],"with":[12,85,122,136,167,212],"inflammation":[13],"and":[14,35,47,75,96,130,147,154,180,188,199,223,240],"fibrosis;":[15],"however,":[16],"the":[17,158,176,233],"underlying":[18],"cellular":[19],"mechanisms":[20],"remain":[21],"incompletely":[22],"defined.":[23],"We":[24],"investigated":[25],"whether":[26,36],"macrophage-associated":[27],"profibrotic":[28,76,148,179,208],"programs":[29,209],"contribute":[30],"to":[31,66,110],"ERM":[33,57,213],"these":[37,161],"pathways":[38],"are":[39,210],"modulated":[40],"by":[41,64,88],"faricimab,":[42,86],"a":[43,164,228],"dual":[44,238],"angiopoietin-2":[45],"(Ang2)":[46],"vascular":[48],"endothelial":[49],"growth":[50],"factor":[51],"A":[52],"(VEGFA)":[53],"inhibitor.":[54],"Methods:":[55],"Human":[56],"specimens":[58],"obtained":[59],"during":[60],"vitrectomy":[61],"were":[62,78,108],"analyzed":[63,109],"immunohistochemistry":[65],"assess":[67],"macrophage":[68,128,142,221],"infiltration,":[69],"including":[70,150,184],"Tie2-expressing":[71,133],"subsets.":[72],"Macrophage-associated":[73,207],"inflammatory":[74,146],"responses":[77],"evaluated":[79],"using":[80],"PMA-stimulated":[81],"THP-1-derived":[82],"macrophages":[83,134],"treated":[84],"followed":[87],"quantitative":[89],"real-time":[90],"PCR":[91],"analysis":[92],"of":[93,114,132,160,171,178,195,237],"inflammatory,":[94],"profibrotic,":[95],"extracellular":[97,181],"matrix-related":[98,182],"genes.":[99],"Publicly":[100],"available":[101],"transcriptomic":[102],"datasets":[103],"from":[104,120],"human":[105],"fibrovascular":[106,204],"membranes":[107],"examine":[111],"coordinated":[112,193],"activation":[113],"fibrosis-related":[115,196],"gene":[116,197,225],"programs.":[117],"Results:":[118],"ERMs":[119],"patients":[121],"retinopathy":[124],"(DR)":[125],"demonstrated":[126],"increased":[127,200],"infiltration":[129],"enrichment":[131],"compared":[135],"non-diabetic":[137],"ERMs.":[138],"In":[139],"vitro,":[140],"PMA-induced":[141],"differentiation":[143],"markedly":[144],"upregulated":[145],"mediators,":[149],"TGF-\u03b21,":[151],"IL-10,":[152],"IL-1RN,":[153],"CD163.":[155],"Faricimab":[156,173,219],"attenuated":[157],"expression":[159,177,202],"genes":[162],"concentration-dependent":[165],"manner,":[166],"particularly":[168],"prominent":[169],"suppression":[170],"TGF-\u03b21.":[172],"also":[174],"reduced":[175],"genes,":[183],"ACTA2,":[185],"fibronectin,":[186],"MMP2,":[187],"MMP9.":[189],"Transcriptomic":[190],"analyses":[191],"revealed":[192],"upregulation":[194],"networks":[198],"ACTA2":[201],"membranes.":[205],"Conclusions:":[206],"diseases.":[218],"modulates":[220],"polarization":[222],"fibrotic":[224],"expression,":[226],"providing":[227],"potential":[229],"biological":[230],"context":[231],"for":[232],"observed":[234],"antifibrotic":[235],"effects":[236],"Ang2":[239],"VEGFA":[241],"inhibition.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-22T00:00:00"}
