{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7223166380","doi":null,"title":"Instrument for organizational commitment using exploratory factor analysis: Evidence from the telecommunication operators of Pakistan","display_name":"Instrument for organizational commitment using exploratory factor analysis: Evidence from the telecommunication operators of Pakistan","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7223166380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.malque.pub:article/20696","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/mr/article/view/20696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226397","display_name":"Multidisciplinary Reviews","issn_l":"2595-3982","issn":["2595-3982"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2595-3982","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7223166380"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/mr/article/view/20696","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035518813","display_name":"Mansoor Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4867-9523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4867-9523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51569856","display_name":"Sultan Zainal Abidin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bnk2e50","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussain, Mansoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (UNiSZA), Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (UNiSZA), Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023193059","display_name":"Hamdy Abdullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7254-8827","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7254-8827"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51569856","display_name":"Sultan Zainal Abidin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bnk2e50","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah, Hamdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (UNiSZA), Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN (UNiSZA), Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090710789","display_name":"Zainudin Awang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-8953","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-8953"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51569856","display_name":"Sultan Zainal Abidin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bnk2e50","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Awang, Zainudin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business and Management University Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business and Management University Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053482934","display_name":"Asif Sanaullah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51569856","display_name":"Sultan Zainal Abidin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bnk2e50","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanaullah, Asif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Business and Management University Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Business and Management University Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51569856"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.6952999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.6952999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.2921999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12244","display_name":"Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2911","display_name":"Leadership and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-commitment","display_name":"organizational commitment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-commitment","display_name":"affective commitment","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuance-commitment","display_name":"continuance commitment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative-commitment","display_name":"normative commitment","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-instrument-validation","display_name":"measurement instrument validation","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-reliability","display_name":"psychometric reliability","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunication-operators","display_name":"telecommunication operators","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-management-practices","display_name":"human resource management practices","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83030740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267236","display_name":"Organizational commitment","level":2,"score":0.8497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780081655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q763365","display_name":"Continuance","level":2,"score":0.7324000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.5360999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5069000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68001002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7102009","display_name":"Organizational behavior and human resources","level":3,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116314809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937189","display_name":"Organizational communication","level":2,"score":0.33980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39214371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19483216","display_name":"Organizational behavior","level":2,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017995491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19483216","display_name":"Organizational change","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67674302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730573","display_name":"Organizational culture","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169735623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430172","display_name":"Organizational learning","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759524","display_name":"Organizational structure","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165672731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047583","display_name":"Organizational performance","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985625233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632539","display_name":"Success factors","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129018949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650472","display_name":"Organization development","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155109394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2029930","display_name":"Organizational studies","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.malque.pub:article/20696","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/mr/article/view/20696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226397","display_name":"Multidisciplinary Reviews","issn_l":"2595-3982","issn":["2595-3982"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2595-3982","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.malque.pub:article/20696","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://malque.pub/ojs/index.php/mr/article/view/20696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226397","display_name":"Multidisciplinary Reviews","issn_l":"2595-3982","issn":["2595-3982"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2595-3982","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096808571","https://openalex.org/W2975796686","https://openalex.org/W1993677857","https://openalex.org/W1577281256","https://openalex.org/W2111695414","https://openalex.org/W2337059064","https://openalex.org/W3158228157","https://openalex.org/W4290065429","https://openalex.org/W2149989409","https://openalex.org/W1543749121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,44,86],"investigates":[2],"organizational":[3,55,83],"commitment":[4,28],"among":[5],"employees":[6],"working":[7],"in":[8,11,53],"telecom":[9,76],"operators":[10],"Pakistan":[12],"and":[13,40,57,66,71,93],"validates":[14],"a":[15],"structured":[16],"instrument":[17,63],"designed":[18],"to":[19,24,46,58,88],"measure":[20],"employees\u2019":[21],"psychological":[22],"attachment":[23],"their":[25],"organizations.":[26],"Organizational":[27],"is":[29,64],"examined":[30],"through":[31],"its":[32],"three":[33],"core":[34],"dimensions:":[35],"affective":[36],"commitment,":[37,39,84],"continuance":[38],"normative":[41],"commitment.":[42],"The":[43],"seeks":[45],"understand":[47],"how":[48],"these":[49],"dimensions":[50],"are":[51],"expressed":[52],"real":[54],"environments":[56],"confirm":[59],"that":[60],"the":[61,69,80,85],"measurement":[62,81],"reliable":[65],"suitable":[67],"for":[68],"cultural":[70],"operational":[72],"context":[73],"of":[74,82],"Pakistan\u2019s":[75],"industry.":[77],"By":[78],"strengthening":[79],"aims":[87],"support":[89],"both":[90],"academic":[91],"research":[92],"evidence-based":[94],"human":[95],"resource":[96],"practices.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2026-10-22T00:00:00"}